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"Americans have an abiding faith in punishment", asserts Anne Schneider in her introduction of Deterrence and Juvenile Crime. Dr. Schneider explores this "abiding faith" in her volume, overviewing past assumptions that punishment or merely the threat of punishment necessarily deters criminal behavior. She critically examines specific deterrence theories and presents the methodology used in her own research - research whose findings are often quite disruptive to those assumptions held so long. Using data from six experimental studies in U.S. cities, she finds that instilling a sense of citizenship is more important in reducing future criminal behavior than enhancing the certainty or severity of punishment. Beyond these results, the author raises some pointed issues to explain why perceptions of certainty and severity of punishment generally perform so inadequately in predicting subsequent offenses. A comparison between incarceration methods and community-based restitution programs, as well as the implications of policy, comprise a thorough discussion which focuses on the future and reflects upon the role of random experiments regarding issues of public policy initiatives.
Sommario
1 The Punishment Perspective.- Purpose.- An Overview.- Organization of the Book.- 2 Policy, Perceptions, and Criminal Behavior.- General Deterrence Research.- Recidivism and Specific Deterrence.- Perceptions of Legal Sanctions.- 3 Rational Choice and Decision Heuristics.- Deterrence and Subjective Expected Utility Theory.- A Decision Heuristics Approach.- 4 Juvenile Offenders: Methods and Measures.- Sources of Data.- Offenders and Offense Rates.- Comparing Alternative Measures of Recidivism.- Measuring Prior Offenses.- Perceptions and Values.- Experiences in the Juvenile Justice System.- 5 The Perceptual Basis of Juvenile Crime.- Intentions to Reoffend.- Post-Release Recidivism.- Decision Making and Recidivism.- Discussion.- 6 Direct Effects of Programs on Recidivism.- Suppression Effects.- Post-Program Comparisons.- Discussion of Direct Effects.- 7 Experiences, Perceptions, and Recidivism.- Programs and Perceptions.- Linking Program Experiences with Recidivism.- Discussion.- 8 Conclusions.- Program Effects on Recidivism.- Effect of Perceptions on Recidivism.- Program Interventions, Perceptions, and Results.- References.- Author Index.
