Ulteriori informazioni
This book is intended to give an overview of the major results achieved in the field of natural speech understanding inside ESPRIT Project P. 26, "Advanced Algorithms and Architectures for Speech and Image Processing". The project began as a Pilot Project in the early stage of Phase 1 of the ESPRIT Program launched by the Commission of the European Communities. After one year, in the light of the preliminary results that were obtained, it was confirmed for its 5-year duration. Even though the activities were carried out for both speech and image understand ing we preferred to focus the treatment of the book on the first area which crystallized mainly around the CSELT team, with the valuable cooperation of AEG, Thomson-CSF, and Politecnico di Torino. Due to the work of the five years of the project, the Consortium was able to develop an actual and complete understanding system that goes from a continuously spoken natural language sentence to its meaning and the consequent access to a database. When we started in 1983 we had some expertise in small-vocabulary syntax-driven connected-word speech recognition using Hidden Markov Models, in written natural lan guage understanding, and in hardware design mainly based upon bit-slice microprocessors.
Sommario
1 Introduction to the Book.- 1.1 Historical Notes.- 1.2 Overview of the Book.- 2 The Recognition Algorithms.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 System Description.- 2.3 Lexicon Structure.- 2.4 Word Representation.- 2.5 Verification Module.- 2.6 Continuous Speech.- 2.7 Conclusions.- 3 The Real Time Implementation of the Recognition Stage.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 System Overview.- 3.3 Hardware Details.- 3.4 Firmware Blocks Details.- 3.5 Some Details on Other System Functions.- 3.6 System Evaluations.- 3.7 Conclusions.- 4 The Understanding Algorithms.- 4.1 Overview.- 4.2 Representation of Syntax.- 4.3 Representation of Semantics.- 4.4 The Compiler of Conceptual Graphs and Dependency Rules.- 4.5 Parsing - Conceptual Level.- 4.6 Parsing - Memory Structures.- 4.7 Parsing - Dealing with Missing Words.- 4.8 Experimental Results.- 5 Implementation of a Parallel Logic + Functional Language.- 5.1 Overview.- 5.2 Applications.- 5.3 Languages.- 5.4 Models of Computation.- 5.5 Language Implementation and Execution.- 5.6 Hardware Architecture.- 5.7 Conclusions.- 6 Conclusions and Future Developments.- 6.1 Recognition Algorithms.- 6.2 Real-time Hardware Implementation.- 6.3 Understanding Algorithms.- 6.4 The Role of a Dialogue Manager.
