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This volume comprises the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute held in Geilo, Norway, between 4 - 14 April 1989. This Institute was the tenth in a series held at Geilo on the subject of phase transitions. It was the first to be concerned with the growing area of soft condensed matter, which is neither ordinary solids nor ordinary liquids, but somewhere in between. The Institute brought together many lecturers, students and active researchers in the field from a wide range of NATO and some non-NATO countries, with financial support principally from the NATO Scientific Affairs Division but also from Institutt for energiteknikk, the Nor wegian Research Council for Science and the Humanities (NAVF), The Nordic Institute for Theoretical Atomic Physics (NORDITA), the Norwegian Physical Society and VISTA, a reserach cooperation between the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters and Den norske stats oljeselskap a.s (STATOIL). The organizing committee would like to thank all these contributors for their help in promoting an exciting and rewarding meeting, and in doing so are confident that they echo the appreciation also of all the participants. 50ft condensed matter is characterized by weak interactions between polyatomic constituents, by important·thermal fluctuations effects, by mechanical softness and by a rich range of behaviours. The main emphasis at this Institute was on the fundamental collective physics, but prepar ation techniques and industrial applications were also considered.
Sommario
States and phase transitions in soft condensed matter: An introduction to the interactions.- Qualitative aspects of condensation, ordering and aggregation.- Gravity's Rainbow - Structure of a 2D crystal grown in a strong gravitational field.- Structures and phase transitions in thermotropic liquid crystals.- Multicriticality in hexatic liquid crystals.- Molecular motions of hydrocarbon chains (decylammonium, n-nonadecane) in their dynamically disordered phases: An incoherent neutron scattering study.- Anchoring transitions at crystal-nematic interfaces.- Spectrum of the propagative modes near the smectic-A to hexatic-B or crystal-B phase transition.- Optical activity in the isotropic and blue phases of a chiral liquid crystal.- Lyotropic liquid crystals, structures and phase transitions.- X-ray reflectivity and diffraction studies of liquid surfaces and surfactant monolayers.- Marangoni effect, instabilities and waves at interfaces.- The phases and phase transitions of lipid monolayers.- Wetting of rough solid surfaces by liquids.- Crystalline and liquid crystalline order in colloidal dispersions: An overview.- Random surfactant assemblies and microemulsions.- Observations of sphere to rod transition in a three-component microemulsion.- Field-induced percolation in microemulsions.- New source of corrections to scaling for micellar solution critical behavior.- Two-dimensional phase transitions of a surfactant monolayer.- Dynamics of wetting.- Estimation of wettability in a complex porous network.- Fingering instability of a spreading drop.- Rigid and fluctuating surfaces: A series of synchrotron X-ray scattering studies of interacting stacked membranes.- Spontaneous and induced adhesion of fluid membranes.- Impurity-modulated interface formation in lipid bilayer membranes near the chain-melting phase transition.- Temperature-dependent growth of fractal and compact domains.- Structural properties of a lecithin-cholesterol system: Ripple structure and phase diagram.- Polymer blends in solution.- Segregation of polymer blends in small pores.- Adsorption of random copolymers.- Novel factors influencing microphase separation in SB/SBS copolymers.- 2H NMR line shape in polymer networks.- Gelation and associating polymers.- Sol-gel transition: An experimental study.- Structure and dynamics of aerogels.- New critical exponents for spatial and temporal fluctuations in stochastic growth phenomena.- Effects of phase transitions and fluctuations on mass transport.- The stretched exponential, the Vogel Law, and all that.- Some industrial applications of soft condensed matter in high-performance polymers processing.- Water-processable conducting polymers.- Organizing Committee and Participants.
