Process and Plant Safety - Applying Computational Fluid Dynamics

The safe operation of plants is of paramount importance in the chemical, petrochemical and pharmaceutical industries. Best practice inprocess and plant safety allows both the prevention of hazards and the mitigation of consequences. Safety Technology is continuously advancing to new levels and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is already successfully established as a tool to ensure the safe operation of industrial plants.With CFD tools, a great amount of knowledge can be gained as both the necessary safety measures and the economic operation of plants canbe simultaneously determined. Young academics, safety experts and safety managers in all parts of the industry will henceforth be forced toresponsibly judge these new results from a safety perspective. This is the main challenge for the future of safety technology.This book serves as a guide to elaborating and determining the principles, assumptions, strengths, limitations and application areas ofutilizing CFD in process and plant safety, and safety management. The book offers recommendations relating to guidelines, procedures, frameworks and technology for creating a higher level of safety for chemical and petrochemical plants. It includes modeling aids and concrete examples of industrial safety measures for hazard prevention.

Sommario

PREFACECOMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS: THE FUTURE IN SAFETY TECHNOLOGYORGANIZED BY PROCESSNET: TUTZING SYMPOSION 2011 CFD - ITS FUTURE IN SAFETY TECHNOLOGYProcessNet - an Initiative of DECHEMA and VDI-GVC 5 A Long Discussed Question: Can Safety Engineers Rely on Numerical Methods?CFD AND HOLISTIC METHODS FOR EXPLOSIVE SAFETY AND RISK ANALYSISIntroductionDeterministic and Probabilistic Design TasksCFD Applications on Explosions and Blast WavesEngineering Methods: The TNT EquivalentQRA for Explosive SafetySummary and OutlookPART ONE: CFD Today - Opportunities and Limits if Applied to Safety TechologySTATUS AND POTENTIALS OF CFD IN SAFETY ANALYSES USING THE EXAMPLE OF NUCLEAR POWERIntroductionSafety and Safety Analysis of Light Water ReactorsRole and Status of Fluid Dynamics ModelingExpected Benefits of CFD in Nuclear Reactor SafetyChallengesExamples of ApplicationsBeyond-Design-Based AccidentsPART TWO Computer or Experimental Design?SIZING AND OPERATION OF HIGH-PRESSURE SAFETY VALVESIntroductionPhenomenological Description of the Flow through a Safety ValveNozzle/Discharge Coefficient Sizing ProcedureSizing of Safety Valves Applying CFDSummaryWATER HAMMER INDUCED BY FAST-ACTING VALVES - EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES, 1D MODELING, AND DEMANDS FOR POSSIBLE FUTURE CFX CALCULATIONSIntroductionMulti-Phase Flow Test FacilityExtension of Pilot Plant Pipework PPP for Software ValidationExperimental Set-UpExperimental ResultsPossible Chances and Difficulties in the Use of CFX for Water Hammer CalculationsCFD - The Future of Safety Technology?CFD-MODELING FOR OPTIMIZING THE FUNCTION OF LOW-PRESSURE VALVESPART THREE: Fire and Explosions - are CFD Simulations Really Profitable?CONSEQUENCES OF POOL FIRES TO LNG SHIP CARGO TANKSIntroductionEvaluation of Heat TransferCFD-CalculationsConclusionsCFD SIMULATION OF LARGE HYDROCARBON AND PEROXIDE POOL FIRESIntroductionGoverning EquationsTurbulence ModelingCombustion ModelingRadiation ModelingCFD SimulationResults and DiscussionConclusionsCFD - The Future of Safety Technology?MODELING FIRE SCENARIOS AND SMOKE MIGRATION IN STRUCTURESIntroductionHierarchy of Fire ModelsBalance Equations for Mass, Momentum, and Heat Transfer (CFD Models)Zone ModelsPlume ModelsComputational ExamplesConclusionsCFD - The Future of Safety Technology?PART FOUR: CFD Tomorrow - The Way to CFD as a Standard Tool in Safety TechnologyTHE ERCOFTAC KNOWLEDGE BASE WIKI - AN AID FOR VALIDATING CFD MODELS Introduction Structure of the Knowledge Base WikiContent of the Knowledge BaseInteraction with UsersConcluding RemarksCFD AT ITS LIMITS: SCALING ISSUES, UNCERTAIN DATA, AND THE USER.S ROLE Numerics and Under-Resolved Simulations UncertaintiesTheory and Practice ConclusionsVALIDATION OF CFD MODELS FOR THE PREDICTION OF GAS DISPERSIONIN URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS Introduction Types of CFD Models Validation Data Wind Tunnel ExperimentsSummaryCFD METHODS IN SAFETY TECHNOLOGY - USEFUL TOOLS OR USELESS TOYS? Introduction Characteristic Properties of Combustion SystemsPractical ProblemsOutlookPART FIVE: Dynamic Systems - Are 1D Models Sufficient?DYNAMIC MODELING OF DISTURBANCES IN DISTILLATION COLUMNSIntroduction Dynamic Simulation Model Case StudyCFD- The Future of Safety Technology?NomenclatureDYNAMIC PROCESS SIMULATION FOR THE EVALUATION OF UPSET CONDITIONS IN CHEMICAL PLANTS IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRY Introduction Application of Dynamic Process Simulation ConclusionDynamic Process Simulation - The Future of Safety Technology?THE PROCESS SAFETY TOOLBOX - THE IMPORTANCE OF METHOD SELECTION FOR SAFETY-RELEVANT CALCULATIONSIntroduction - The Process Safety ToolboxFlow through Nitrogen Piping During Distillation Column PressurizationTube Failure in a Wiped-Film EvaporatorPhenol-Formaldehyde Uncontrolled Exothermic ReactionComputational Fluid Dynamics - Is It Ever Necessary?Computational Fluid Dynamics - The Future of Safety Technology?CFD FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE BUNCEFIELD INCIDENTIntroductionObservations from the CCTV RecordsCFD Modeling of the Vapor Cloud DispersionConclusionsCFD: The Future of Safety Technology?PART SIX: Contributions for DiscussionDO WE REALLY WANT TO CALCULATE THE WRONG PROBLEM AS EXACTLY AS POSSIBLE?THE RELEVANCE OF INITIAL AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS IN TREATING THE CONSEQUENCES OF ACCIDENTSIntroductionModelsCase StudyConclusionsCAN SOFTWARE EVER BE SAFE?IntroductionBasicsSoftware Errors and Error HandlingPotential Future ApproachesCFD - The Future of Safety Technology?CFD MODELING: ARE EXPERIMENTS SUPERFLUOUS?

Info autore

Jürgen Schmidt, Abteilungsdirektor, war Leiter der Außensteuerfachprüfung der OFD München und ist derzeit Leiter der Abteilung Verfahrensrecht, Betriebsprüfung, Vollstreckung und Steuerfahndung im Bayerischen Landesamt für Steuern. Er ist Autor verschiedener Fachzeitschriften und Kommentierungen zum Internationalen Steuerrecht, Referent bei Fortbildungsveranstaltungen im Steuerrecht sowie Mitglied im Prüfungsausschuss für die Steuerberaterprüfung.§§

Riassunto

The safe operation of plants is of paramount importance in the chemical, petrochemical and pharmaceutical industries. Best practice in
process and plant safety allows both the prevention of hazards and the mitigation of consequences. Safety Technology is continuously advancing to new levels and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is already successfully established as a tool to ensure the safe operation of industrial plants.
With CFD tools, a great amount of knowledge can be gained as both the necessary safety measures and the economic operation of plants can
be simultaneously determined. Young academics, safety experts and safety managers in all parts of the industry will henceforth be forced to
responsibly judge these new results from a safety perspective. This is the main challenge for the future of safety technology.
This book serves as a guide to elaborating and determining the principles, assumptions, strengths, limitations and application areas of
utilizing CFD in process and plant safety, and safety management. The book offers recommendations relating to guidelines, procedures, frameworks and technology for creating a higher level of safety for chemical and petrochemical plants. It includes modeling aids and concrete examples of industrial safety measures for hazard prevention.

Relazione

"The book offers recommendations relating to guidelines, procedures, frameworks and technology for creating a higher level of safety for chemical and petrochemical plants. It includes modeling aids and concrete examples of industrial safety measures for hazard prevention." ( ETDE Energy Database , 1 November 2012)

"This book is an excellent primer for students of safety engineering who are new to computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It is a beacon for process safety technologists seeking to improve their knowledge of safety engineering tools." ( The Chemical Engineer , 1 November 2012)

Dettagli sul prodotto

• Autori: Jürgen Schmidt
• Con la collaborazione di: Jürge Schmidt (Editore), Jürgen Schmidt (Editore)
• Editore: Wiley-VCH
• Lingue: Inglese
• Formato: Copertina rigida
• Pubblicazione: 01.04.2012
• EAN: 9783527330270
• ISBN: 978-3-527-33027-0
• Pagine: 382
• Dimensioni: 174 mm x 242 mm x 23 mm
• Peso: 922 g
• Illustrazioni: 158 SW-Abb., 86 Farbabb., 14 Tabellen
• Categorie: Scienze naturali, medicina, informatica, tecnica > Chimica; Chemie, Chemische Industrie, Technische Chemie, chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Industrial Chemistry, chemische Verfahrenstechnik, Technische u. Industrielle Chemie, Chemical and Environmental Health and Safety, Arbeitssicherheit u. Umweltschutz i. d. Chemie, Prozesssicherheit, Process Safety, Technische Sicherheit, Chemische Anlage, Strömungsdynamik