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A guide to the wide-variety of waste valorisation techniques related to various biomass, waste materials and by products
Waste Valorisation provides a comprehensive review of waste chemistry and its application to the generation of value-added products. The authors - noted experts on the topic - offer a clear understanding of waste diversity, drivers and policies governing its valorisation based on the location. The book provides information on the principles behind various valorisation schemes and offers a description of general treatment options with their evaluation guidelines in terms of cost, energy consumption and waste generation.
Each of the book's chapters contain an introduction which summarises the current production and processing methods, yields, energy sources and other pertinent information for each specific type of waste. The authors focus on the most relevant novel technologies for value-added processing of waste streams or industrial by-products which can readily be integrated into current waste management systems. They also provide the pertinent technical, economic, social and environmental evaluations of bioconversions as future sustainable technologies in a biorefinery. This important book:
* Presents the most current technologies which integrate waste and/or by-product valorisation
* Includes discussions on end-product purity and life-cycle assessment challenges
* Explores relevant novel technologies for value-added processing of waste streams or industrial by-products which can be integrated into current waste management systems
* Offers a guide to waste reuse, a key sustainability goal for existing biorefineries wishing to reduce material and environmental costs
Written for academic researchers and industrial scientists working in agricultural and food production, bioconversions and waste management professionals, Waste Valorisation is an authoritative guide to the chemistry and applications of waste materials and provides an overview of the most recent developments in the field.
List of contents
List of Contributors xiii
Series Preface xvii
Preface xix
1 Overview ofWaste Valorisation Concepts from a Circular Economy Perspective 1
Jinhua Mou, Chong Li, Xiaofeng Yang, Guneet Kaur and Carol Sze Ki Lin
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Development of (Bio)Chemical Process for Utilization of Waste as a Bioresource 4
1.2.1 Mechanical Pretreatment 5
1.2.2 Physical Pretreatment 5
1.2.3 Chemical Pretreatment 5
1.2.4 Biological Pretreatment 6
1.3 Process Integration for Waste-Based Biorefinery 6
1.3.1 Food Waste Biorefinery 7
1.3.2 Agricultural Waste Biorefinery 7
1.3.3 Industrial Waste Biorefinery 8
1.3.4 Wastewater Biorefinery 8
1.4 Closed Loop Recirculation in a Bio-based Economy 8
1.5 Conclusions and Future Trends 9
References 10
2 Waste as a Bioresource 13
Gayatri Suresh, Joseph Sebastian and Satinder Kaur Brar
2.1 Introduction 13
2.2 Waste Streams and Their Suitability as Feedstock for Valorisation: Is All Waste a Resource? 14
2.3 (Bio)diversity and Variability of Waste Feedstock 16
2.3.1 Agro-industrial Wastes 16
2.3.2 Municipal Solid Wastes 18
2.3.3 Livestock Wastes 19
2.3.4 Industrial Wastes 21
2.4 Drivers, Policies, and Markets for Value-added Waste-derived Products 23
2.5 Conclusions and Future Trends 25
Acknowledgements 26
References 26
3 Treatment of Waste 33
Ravindran Balasubramani, Vasanthy Muthunarayanan, Karthika Arumugam, Rajiv Periakaruppan, Archana Singh, Soon Woong Chang, Thamaraiselvi Chandran, Gopal Shankar Singh and Selvakumar Muniraj
3.1 Introduction 33
3.2 Solid Waste Management 34
3.2.1 E-waste Management 34
3.2.2 Hazardous Waste Management 35
3.2.3 Biomedical Waste Management 35
3.2.4 Plastic Waste Management 35
3.2.5 Solid Waste Management Options 35
3.3 General Approach for Waste Treatment and Conversion to Value-added Products: Biochemical, Mechanical, and Thermochemical 36
3.3.1 Conventional Treatment 36
3.3.2 Biological/Biochemical Treatment 37
3.3.3 Thermal Methods 40
3.3.4 Open Burning 40
3.3.5 Mechanical Treatment 40
3.4 Factors Influencing Selection of an Appropriate Valorisation Technique for Specific Waste Types 42
3.4.1 Case Study of Paper Waste Recycling 42
3.4.2 Deinking Process 42
3.4.3 Paper Deinking Residue 43
3.5 Conventional and Novel Techniques: Overall Comparison in Terms of Energy Consumption, Waste Stream Generation and Cost 44
3.5.1 Pyrolysis 44
3.5.2 Gasification 44
3.5.3 Incineration 44
3.6 Energy Consumption, Waste Stream Generation, and Costs of Conventional and Novel Waste Treatment Technologies 45
3.7 Conclusions and Future Trends 45
Acknowledgement 46
References 46
4 Valorisation of Agricultural Waste Residues 51
Srinivas Mettu, Pobitra Halder, Savankumar Patel, Sazal Kundu, Kalpit Shah, Shunyu Yao, Zubeen Hathi, Khai Lun Ong, Sandya Athukoralalage, Namita Roy Choudhury, Naba Kumar Dutta and Carol Sze Ki Lin
4.1 Introduction 51
4.2 Agricultural Waste Definition, Composition, Variability, and Associated Policies and Regulations 53
4.2.1 Agricultural Waste from Farming 55
4.2.2 Agricultural Wastes from Livestock 56
4.2.3 Agricultural Waste Availability 57
4.3 Conventional Techniques - Anaerobic Digestion, Pyrolysis, Gasification, and Solvent Treatment/Extraction 58
4.
About the author
Editors
Carol Sze Ki Lin, Associate Professor, School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong.
Guneet Kaur, Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong and Department of Civil Engineering, York University, Toronto, Canada.
Chong Li, Associate Research Fellow, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
Xiaofeng Yang, Associate Professor, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
Series Editor
Christian V. Stevens, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium
Summary
A guide to the wide-variety of waste valorisation techniques related to various biomass, waste materials and by products
Waste Valorisation provides a comprehensive review of waste chemistry and its application to the generation of value-added products. The authors - noted experts on the topic - offer a clear understanding of waste diversity, drivers and policies governing its valorisation based on the location. The book provides information on the principles behind various valorisation schemes and offers a description of general treatment options with their evaluation guidelines in terms of cost, energy consumption and waste generation.
Each of the book's chapters contain an introduction which summarises the current production and processing methods, yields, energy sources and other pertinent information for each specific type of waste. The authors focus on the most relevant novel technologies for value-added processing of waste streams or industrial by-products which can readily be integrated into current waste management systems. They also provide the pertinent technical, economic, social and environmental evaluations of bioconversions as future sustainable technologies in a biorefinery. This important book:
* Presents the most current technologies which integrate waste and/or by-product valorisation
* Includes discussions on end-product purity and life-cycle assessment challenges
* Explores relevant novel technologies for value-added processing of waste streams or industrial by-products which can be integrated into current waste management systems
* Offers a guide to waste reuse, a key sustainability goal for existing biorefineries wishing to reduce material and environmental costs
Written for academic researchers and industrial scientists working in agricultural and food production, bioconversions and waste management professionals, Waste Valorisation is an authoritative guide to the chemistry and applications of waste materials and provides an overview of the most recent developments in the field.
