Handbook of Enology, Volume 2 - The Chemistry of Wine Stabilization and Treatments

As an applied science, Enology is a collection of knowledge from the fundamental sciences including chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, bioengineering, psychophysics, cognitive psychology, etc., and nourished by empirical observations. The approach used in the Handbook of Enology is thus the same. It aims to provide practitioners, winemakers, technicians and enology students with foundational knowledge and the most recent research results. This knowledge can be used to contribute to a better definition of the quality of grapes and wine, a greater understanding of chemical and microbiological parameters, with the aim of ensuring satisfactory fermentations and predicting the evolution of wines, and better mastery of wine stabilization processes. As a result, the purpose of this publication is to guide readers in their thought processes with a view to preserving and optimizing the identity and taste of wine and its aging potential.
 
This third English edition of The Handbook of Enology, is an enhanced translation from the 7th French 2017 edition, and is published as a two-volume set describing aspects of winemaking using a detailed, scientific approach. The authors, who are highly-respected enologists, examine winemaking processes, theorizing what constitutes a perfect technique and the proper combination of components necessary to produce a quality vintage. They also illustrate methodologies of common problems, revealing the mechanism behind the disorder, thus enabling a diagnosis and solution.
 
Volume 2: The Chemistry of Wine and Stabilization and Treatments looks at the wine itself in two parts. Part One analyzes the chemical makeup of wine, including organic acids, alcoholic, volatile and phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, and aromas. Part Two describes the procedures necessary to achieve a perfect wine: the clarification processes of fining, filtering and centrifuging, stabilization, and aging.
 
Coverage includes: Wine chemistry; Organic acids; Alcohols and other volatile products; Carbohydrates; Dry extract and mineral matter; Nitrogen substances; Phenolic compounds; The aroma of grape varieties; The chemical nature, origin and consequences of the main organoleptic defects; Stabilization and treatment of wines; The chemical nature, origin and consequences of the main organoleptic defects; The concept of clarity and colloidal phenomena; Clarification and stabilization treatments; Clarification of wines by filtration and centrifugation; The stabilization of wines by physical processes; The aging of wines in vats and in barrels and aging phenomena.
 
The target audience includes advanced viticulture and enology students, professors and researchers, and practicing grape growers and vintners.

List of contents

Foreword
 
Preface to the Second Edition
 
Preface to the First Edition
 
Remarks Concerning the Expression of Certain Parameters of Must and Wine Composition
 
Part I - Chemistry of Wine
 
1 Organic Acids in Wine
 
1.1 Introduction
 
1.2 The Main Organic Acids
 
1.3 Different Types of Acidity
 
1.4 The Concept of pH and Its Applications
 
1.5 Tartrate Precipitation Mechanism and Predicting Its Effects
 
1.6 Tests for Predicting Wine Stability
 
1.7 Preventing Tartrate Precipitation
 
References
 
2 Alcohols and Other Volatile Compounds
 
2.1 Ethanol
 
2.2 Other Simple Alcohols
 
2.3 Polyols
 
2.4 Aliphatic Fatty Acids
 
2.5 Esters
 
2.6 Miscellaneous Compounds
 
References
 
3 Carbohydrates
 
3.1 Introduction
 
3.2 Glucose and Fructose
 
3.3 Other Sugars
 
3.4 Chemical Properties of Sugars
 
3.5 Sugar Derivatives
 
3.6 Pectic Substances in Grapes
 
3.7 Exocellular Polysaccharides from Microorganisms
 
References
 
4 Dry Extract and Minerals
 
4.1 Introduction
 
4.2 Dry Extract
 
4.3 Ash
 
4.4 Inorganic Anions
 
4.5 Inorganic Cations
 
4.6 Iron and the Iron Casse Mechanism
 
4.7 Copper and Copper Casse
 
4.8 Heavy Metals
 
References
 
5 Nitrogen Compounds
 
5.1 Introduction
 
5.2 The Various Forms of Nitrogen
 
5.3 Amino Acids
 
5.4 Other Forms of Nitrogen
 
5.5 Proteins and Protein Haze
 
5.6 Preventing Protein Haze References
 
References
 
6 Phenolic Compounds
 
6.1 Introduction
 
6.2 Types of Substances
 
6.3 Chemical Properties of Anthocyanins and Tannins
 
6.4 Anthocyanin and Tannin Assays--Sensory Properties
 
6.5 Evolution of Anthocyanins and Tannins as Grapes Ripen
 
6.6 Extracting Tannins and Anthocyanins during Winemaking
 
6.7 Chemical Reactions Occurring during Barrel and Bottle Aging
 
6.8 Precipitation of Coloring Matter (Color Stability)
 
6.9 Origin of the Color of White Wines
 
References
 
7 Varietal Aroma
 
7.1 The General Concept of Varietal Aroma
 
7.2 Terpene Compounds
 
7.3 C13-Norisoprenoid Derivatives
 
7.4 Methoxypyrazines
 
7.5 Sulfur Compounds with a Thiol Function
 
7.6 Furanones
 
7.7 Lactones
 
7.8 Aromas of American Species
 
References
 
Part II - Wine Stabilization and Treatments
 
8 Main Sensory Defects: Chemical Nature, Origins and Consequences
 
8.1 Introduction
 
8.2 Oxidative Defects
 
8.3 Effect of Various Forms of Bacterial Spoilage
 
8.4 Microbiological Origin and Properties of Volatile Phenols
 
8.5 Cork Taint
 
8.6 Sulfur Derivatives and Reduction Odors
 
8.7 Premature Aging of White Wine Aroma
 
8.8 Sensory Defects Associated with Grapes Affected by Various Types of Rot
 
8.9 Miscellaneous Defects
 
References
 
9 The Concept of Clarity and Colloidal Phenomena
 
9.1 Clarity and Stability
 
9.2 The Colloidal State
 
9.3 Colloid Reactivity
 
9.4 Protective Colloids and Gum Arabic Treatment
 
References
 
10 Clarification and Stabilization Treatments: Fining Wine
 
10.1 Treating Wine
 
10.2 Sedimentation of Particles in Suspension
 
10.3 Racking: Role and Techniques
 
10.4 Theory of Protein

About the author

Authors: Pascal Ribéreau-Gayon, Yves Glories, Alain Maujean and Denis Dubourdieu
Coordinator: Philippe Darriet
With contributions from Patricia Ballestra, Jean-Christophe Barbe, Marguerite Dols-Laffargue, Laurence Geny, Rémy Ghidossi, Aline Lonvaud, Patrick Lucas, Axel Marchal, Isabelle Masneuf-Pomarède, Martine Mietton-Peuchot, Claudia Nioi, Alexandre Pons, Sophie Tempère, Cécile Thibon.
Translator: John Towey

Summary

As an applied science, Enology is a collection of knowledge from the fundamental sciences including chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, bioengineering, psychophysics, cognitive psychology, etc., and nourished by empirical observations. The approach used in the Handbook of Enology is thus the same. It aims to provide practitioners, winemakers, technicians and enology students with foundational knowledge and the most recent research results. This knowledge can be used to contribute to a better definition of the quality of grapes and wine, a greater understanding of chemical and microbiological parameters, with the aim of ensuring satisfactory fermentations and predicting the evolution of wines, and better mastery of wine stabilization processes. As a result, the purpose of this publication is to guide readers in their thought processes with a view to preserving and optimizing the identity and taste of wine and its aging potential.

This third English edition of The Handbook of Enology, is an enhanced translation from the 7th French 2017 edition, and is published as a two-volume set describing aspects of winemaking using a detailed, scientific approach. The authors, who are highly-respected enologists, examine winemaking processes, theorizing what constitutes a perfect technique and the proper combination of components necessary to produce a quality vintage. They also illustrate methodologies of common problems, revealing the mechanism behind the disorder, thus enabling a diagnosis and solution.

Volume 2: The Chemistry of Wine and Stabilization and Treatments looks at the wine itself in two parts. Part One analyzes the chemical makeup of wine, including organic acids, alcoholic, volatile and phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, and aromas. Part Two describes the procedures necessary to achieve a perfect wine: the clarification processes of fining, filtering and centrifuging, stabilization, and aging.

Coverage includes: Wine chemistry; Organic acids; Alcohols and other volatile products; Carbohydrates; Dry extract and mineral matter; Nitrogen substances; Phenolic compounds; The aroma of grape varieties; The chemical nature, origin and consequences of the main organoleptic defects; Stabilization and treatment of wines; The chemical nature, origin and consequences of the main organoleptic defects; The concept of clarity and colloidal phenomena; Clarification and stabilization treatments; Clarification of wines by filtration and centrifugation; The stabilization of wines by physical processes; The aging of wines in vats and in barrels and aging phenomena.

The target audience includes advanced viticulture and enology students, professors and researchers, and practicing grape growers and vintners.

Product details

• Authors: Deni Dubourdieu, Denis Dubourdieu, Dubourdieu Denis, Glories, Yve Glories, Yves Glories, Alai Maujean, Alain Maujean, Pascal Dubourdieu Rib?reau-Gayon, Pascal Riberau-Gayon, Pascal Dubourdieu Riberau-Gayon, P Ribereau-Gayon, Pascal Ribereau-Gayon, Pascal Dubourdieu Ribereau-Gayon, Pascal Glories Ribereau-Gayon, Pasca Ribéreau-Gayon, Pascal Ribéreau-Gayon, Pascal Ribreau-Gayon, John Towey
• Assisted by: Joh Towey (Editor), John Towey (Editor), John Towey (Translation), John Towey (Editor and translation)
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 31.07.2020
• EAN: 9781119587767
• ISBN: 978-1-119-58776-7
• No. of pages: 560
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Chemistry; Chemie, Wein, önologie, chemistry, Industrial Chemistry, Technische u. Industrielle Chemie, Food Science & Technology, Lebensmittelforschung u. -technologie, Allg. Lebensmittelforschung u. -technologie