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Informationen zum Autor The author is Professor of Linguistics at the University of Pennsylvania. He is the co-editor of Language Variation and Change and is author of Sociolinguistic Patterns (1972), Language in the Inner City (1972), and Principles of Linguistic Change, Volume 1: Internal Factors (Blackwell, 1994). Klappentext This volume presents the results of several decades of inquiry into the social origins and social motivation of linguistic change. It includes the first complete report on the Philadelphia project designed to establish the social location of the leaders of linguistic change. These findings are developed further on the basis of a broad range of sociolinguistic studies in the 1980s and 1990s, as well as the recently completed Atlas of North American English. Successive chapters on social class, neighborhood, ethnicity, gender, and social networks delineate the leaders of linguistic change as women of the upper working class with a high density of interaction within their neighborhoods and a high proportion of weak ties outside of it. Detailed portraits of individual leaders show that the women who lead linguistic change are distinguished from others by their general pattern of deviation from established norms of conformity. Mathematical models are developed to account for the linear incrementation of change in progress, and the transmission of change across generations. Zusammenfassung * written by one of the founders of modern sociolinguistics * presents the results of several decades of inquiry into the social origins and social motivation of linguistic change. Inhaltsverzeichnis Foreword. Notational Conventions. Part I: The Speech Community. 1. The Darwinian Paradox. The Social Effects of Language Change. The Parallels Between Biological and Linguistic Evolution. Earlier Proposals for the Causes of Sound Change. Differend Kinds of Sound Change. The Narrow Interface between Language and Society. The Social Location of the Innovators. Individual, Group, Community. 2. The Study of Linguistic Change and Variation in Philadelphia:. Sampling the Community. The City of Philadelphia. The Exploratory Phase. The Neighborhood Study. The Telephone Survey. 3. Stable Sociolinguistic Variables:. The Necessary Background for the Study of Change in Progress. Variables to be Examined in this Chapter. The Stability of the Stable Variables. The Sociolinguistic Sample of Philadelphia. Cross-tabulation of (dh), Class, and Style. Cross-tabulation by Age. Cross-tabulations by Age and Social Class. Second Regression Analysis. An Exploration of Social Class Indicators. Conclusion. 4. The Philadelphia Vowel System. The Philadelphia Dialect Area. A General Framework for the Description of the Philadelphia Vowel System. Earlier Records of the Philadelphia Vowel System. The Philadelphia Vowel System in the 1970's. Development of Sound Changes in Apparent Time. Part II: Social Class, Gender, Neighborhood, and Ethnicity. 5. Location of the Leaders in the Socioeconomic Hierarchy:. The Data Set. Accuracy and Sources of Error. First Regression: Age Correlations. First Tabulation of Social Class. Second Regression: Age and Social Class. Third Regression: Re-analyzing the Age Dimension. The Centralization of (ay) before Voiceless Consonants. The Telephone Survey. Components of the Socioeconomic Index. An Overview. Further Observations of Class Distributions. The Curvilinear Pattern and the Causes of Change. Are Sound Changes Part of an Adaptive Process?. 6. Subjective Dimensions of Change in Progress.
