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The physics of vortices in classical fluids has been a highly important subject for many years, both in fundamental science and in engineering applications. About 50 years ago, vortices started to become prominent as quantum me chanical objects constructed from a macroscopic wavefunction. Here the key developments are associated with the names R. Feynman, L. Onsager, L. D. Landau, F. London, V.L. Ginzburg and A.A. Abrikosov. Recently, the physics of vortices has undergone a further important step of diversification, namely in unconventional superconductors and superfluids, which are characterized by an anisotropic and/or spatially complex order parameter. It is this latest evolutionary step of vortex physics that is addressed in this book. The indi vidual chapters are concerned with the microscopic structure and dynamics of vortices in diverse systems ranging from superfluids and superconductors to neutron stars. Each of the 20 chapters is written by one or more experts on the parti cular subject. Each chapter provides an introduction and overview, empha sizing theoretical as well as experimental work, and includes references to both recent and pioneering earlier developments. In this way non-expert rea ders will also benefit from these lecture notes. Hence, the book will be useful for all researchers and graduate students interested in the physics of vorti ces in unconventional superconductors and superfluids. It may also serve as supplementary material for a graduate course on low-temperature solid-state physics.
List of contents
1 The Beautiful World of the Vortex.- 2 Type II Superconductors and Vortices from the 1950s to the 1990s.- 3 What Can Superconductivity Learn from Quantized Vorticity in 3He Superfluids?.- 4 Nucleation of Vortices in Superfluid 3He-B by Rapid Thermal Quench.- 5 Superfluidity in Relativistic Neutron Stars.- 6 Superconducting Superfluids in Neutron Stars.- 7 Vortex Dynamics and the Problem of the Transverse Force in Clean Superconductors and Fermi Superfluids.- 8 Magnus Force and Aharonov-Bohm Effect in Superfluids.- 9 Lorentz Force Exerted by the Aharonov-Bohm Flux Line.- 10 Relativistic Solution of Lordanskii Problem in Multi-Constituent Superfluid Mechanics.- 11 Vortex Core Structure and Dynamics in Layered Superconductors.- 12 Band Theory of Quasiparticle Excitations in the Mixed State of d-Wave Superconductors.- 13 Magnetic Field Dependence of the Vortex Structure Based on the Microscopic Theory.- 14 Quasiparticle Spectrum in the Vortex State in Nodal Superconductors.- 15 Random-Matrix Ensembles in p-Wave Vortices.- 16 Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy on Vortex Cores in High-Tc Superconductors.- 17 Charged Vortices in High-Tc Superconductors.- 18 Neutron Scattering from Vortex Lattices in Superconductors.- 19 Vortex Dynamics in a Temperature Gradient.- 20 Electric Field Dependent Flux-Flow Resistance in the Cuprate Superconductor Nd2-xCexCuOy.
About the author
Rudolf P. Hübener erhielt 1992 für seine wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten den Max Planck Forschungspreis und 2001 den Cryogenics Preis. Er studierte Physik und Mathematik an der Universität Marburg sowie an den Technischen Hochschulen München und Darmstadt. 1958 promovierte er in Marburg im Fach Experimentalphysik. Nach einer Tätigkeit im Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe und einem Forschungsinstitut bei Albany, New York, USA arbeitete er für 12 Jahre am Argonne National Laboratory bei Chicago, Illinois. 1974 übernahm er einen Lehrstuhl für Experimentalphysik an der Universität Tübingen. Dort lehrte und forschte er bis zu seiner Emeritierung im Jahr 1999.
Summary
Vortices are quantized flux lines which are formed in superconductors, Bose-Einstein condensates and neutron stars. This book summarizes the current knowledge in this field. It will appeal to researchers and advanced students.
