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In the field of heterogeneous catalysis. it is convenient to distinguish. in a perfectly unjustified and over··simplified way. bet:leen metal catalysts. 2nd the other catalysts. The fj.J"st are easy to define : they are those in which a reduced metal is the active phase. It is thus easy to circumscribe. by exclusion, the other class namely the "non-metals". We have adopted this definition for the sake of our colleagues working on catalysis by metals, and to avoid a lengthy title like "sm' face pl"operties and catalysts by transi tion metal oxides. sulftdes, carbides, nitriles, etc. Defined in this manner, non-metal catalysts represented, in 1980, 84 wt. % of the industrial heterogeneous catalysts. To be more specific, this proportion corresponds to catalysts which, under the working conditions in the industrial ?lant. contain their catalytically active metallic elements in a non-reduced state. It should however be recalled that most metal catalysts are supported on oxides, which, often, repl'esent over 90% (sometimes 99.4% in the case of the platinum reforming catalysts) of the total weight.
List of contents
Concepts in Catalysis by Transition Metal Oxides.- Electronic Structure Calculations Using Atomic Orbital Methods: Applications to Transition-Metal Compounds and Surfaces.- Bulk and Surface Structures of Non-Metals.- Physical Methods for the Characterization of Non-Metal Catalysts.- Photoelectron Spectroscopy Investigation for Non-Metal Catalysts.- An Example of Complementarity of Two Techniques: XPS and Laser Raman Spectroscopy to Characterize Hydrotreating Catalysts.- Characterization of Non-Metals by Electron Microscopy.- Analytical Electron Microscopy.- UV-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy Applied to Bulk and Surface Properties of Oxides and Related Solids.- Selective Oxidation and Ammoxidation Catalysis: History of Catalyst Design.- Selective Oxidation and Ammoxidation Catalysis: Mechanism and Commercial Practice.- Hydroprocessing I. Industrial Aspects.- Hydroprocessing II. Fundamental Aspects.- Catalysis by Transition Metal Sulfides.- Surface Area Effects on Some Physicochemical and Catalytic Properties of MoS2 (WS2).- Kinetics in Hydrodesulfurization of Thiophenic Compounds.- Localized Aspects in Heterogeneous Catalysis.- Non-Metallic Pseudo-Metals.- Spillover on Non Metals.- Hydrogen Bronzes: A Review of Some Their Physical and Catalytic Properties.- The Activity of Metal Oxides in the Oxidation of Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide.- Author Index.
