Biomedical Imaging - Principles and Applications

Informationen zum Autor REINER SALZER, PHD, is a professor at the Institute for Analytical Chemistry at Technische Universität in Dresden, Germany. Klappentext A WALK THROUGH THE EXCITING FIELD OF MULTIMODALITY IMAGING AND ITS CLINICAL APPLICATIONS This book offers a unique approach to biomedical imaging. Unlike other books on the market that cover just one or several modalities, Biomedical Imaging: Principles and Applications describes all important biomedical imaging modalities, showing how to capitalize on their combined strengths when investigating processes and interactions in dynamic systems. Geared to non-experts looking for quick guidance on what modalities to choose for their work without getting bogged down in technical details, the book discusses technical fundamentals, molecular background, evaluation procedures, and case studies of clinical applications. With an emphasis on technologies known for their application range and the chemical information content of their data, the book covers such established modalities as X-ray, CT, MRI, and tracer imaging, as well as technologies using light or sound, including fluorescence and Raman imaging, CARS microscopy, sonography, and acoustic microscopy. Including more than 200 figures (many in color) to help clarify the text, Biomedical Imaging : Reviews the current state of image-based diagnostic medicine as well as methods and tools for visualization Covers for each modality the basics of how it works, information parameters, instrumentation, and applications Compares the strengths and weaknesses of different imaging technologies Focuses on current and emerging applications for chemical analysis in extremely delicate samples Explains the utility of multimodality imaging in the rapidly expanding field of biophotonics An excellent startup guide for researchers and clinicians wishing to combine different imaging technologies for a true multimodality approach to problem solving, Biomedical Imaging is also a useful reference for engineers who need to understand the biomedical basis of the measured data. Zusammenfassung This book presents and describes imaging technologies that can be used to study chemical processes and structural interactions in dynamic systems, principally in biomedical systems. Inhaltsverzeichnis Preface xv Contributors xvii 1 Evaluation of Spectroscopic Images 1 Patrick W.T. Krooshof, Geert J. Postma, Willem J. Melssen, and Lutgarde M.C. Buydens 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Data Analysis 2 1.2.1 Similarity Measures 3 1.2.2 Unsupervised Pattern Recognition 4 1.2.2.1 Partitional Clustering 4 1.2.2.2 Hierarchical Clustering 6 1.2.2.3 Density-Based Clustering 7 1.2.3 Supervised Pattern Recognition 9 1.2.3.1 Probability of Class Membership 9 1.3 Applications 11 1.3.1 Brain Tumor Diagnosis 11 1.3.2 MRS Data Processing 12 1.3.2.1 Removing MRS Artifacts 12 1.3.2.2 MRS Data Quantitation 13 1.3.3 MRI Data Processing 14 1.3.3.1 Image Registration 15 1.3.4 Combining MRI and MRS Data 16 1.3.4.1 Reference Data Set 16 1.3.5 Probability of Class Memberships 17 1.3.6 Class Membership of Individual Voxels 18 1.3.7 Classification of Individual Voxels 20 1.3.8 Clustering into Segments 22 1.3.9 Classification of Segments 23 1.3.10 Future Directions 24 References 25 2 Evaluation of Tomographic Data 30 Jorg van den Hoff 2.1 Introduction 30 2.2 Image Reconstruction 33 2.3 Image Data Representation: Pixel Size and Image Resolution 34 2.4 Consequences of Limited Spatial Resolution 39 2.5 Tomographic Data Evaluation: Tasks 46 ...

List of contents

Preface xv
 
Contributors xvii
 
1 Evaluation of Spectroscopic Images 1
Patrick W.T. Krooshof, Geert J. Postma, Willem J. Melssen, and Lutgarde M.C. Buydens
 
1.1 Introduction, 1
 
1.2 Data Analysis, 2
 
1.2.1 Similarity Measures, 3
 
1.2.2 Unsupervised Pattern Recognition, 4
 
1.2.3 Supervised Pattern Recognition, 9
 
1.3 Applications, 11
 
1.3.1 Brain Tumor Diagnosis, 11
 
1.3.2 MRS Data Processing, 12
 
1.3.3 MRI Data Processing, 14
 
1.3.4 Combining MRI and MRS Data, 16
 
1.3.5 Probability of Class Memberships, 17
 
1.3.6 Class Membership of Individual Voxels, 18
 
1.3.7 Classification of Individual Voxels, 20
 
1.3.8 Clustering into Segments, 22
 
1.3.9 Classification of Segments, 23
 
1.3.10 Future Directions, 24
 
References, 25
 
2 Evaluation of Tomographic Data 30
Jörg van den Hoff
 
2.1 Introduction, 30
 
2.2 Image Reconstruction, 33
 
2.3 Image Data Representation: Pixel Size and Image Resolution, 34
 
2.4 Consequences of Limited Spatial Resolution, 39
 
2.5 Tomographic Data Evaluation: Tasks, 46
 
2.5.1 Software Tools, 46
 
2.5.2 Data Access, 47
 
2.5.3 Image Processing, 47
 
2.5.4 Visualization, 52
 
2.5.5 Dynamic Tomographic Data, 56
 
2.6 Summary, 61
 
References, 61
 

3 X-Ray Imaging 63
Volker Hietschold
 
3.1 Basics, 63
 
3.1.1 History, 63
 
3.1.2 Basic Physics, 64
 
3.2 Instrumentation, 66
 
3.2.1 Components, 66
 
3.3 Clinical Applications, 76
 
3.3.1 Diagnostic Devices, 76
 
3.3.2 High Voltage and Image Quality, 85
 
3.3.3 Tomography/Tomosynthesis, 87
 
3.3.4 Dual Energy Imaging, 87
 
3.3.5 Computer Applications, 88
 
3.3.6 Interventional Radiology, 92
 
3.4 Radiation Exposure to Patients and Employees, 92
 
References, 95
 
4 Computed Tomography 97
Stefan Ulzheimer and Thomas Flohr
 
4.1 Basics, 97
 
4.1.1 History, 97
 
4.1.2 Basic Physics and Image Reconstruction, 100
 
4.2 Instrumentation, 102
 
4.2.1 Gantry, 102
 
4.2.2 X-ray Tube and Generator, 103
 
4.2.3 MDCT Detector Design and Slice Collimation, 103
 
4.2.4 Data Rates and Data Transmission, 107
 
4.2.5 Dual Source CT, 107
 
4.3 Measurement Techniques, 109
 
4.3.1 MDCT Sequential (Axial) Scanning, 109
 
4.3.2 MDCT Spiral (Helical) Scanning, 109
 
4.3.3 ECG-Triggered and ECG-Gated Cardiovascular CT, 115
 
4.4 Applications, 119
 
4.4.1 Clinical Applications of Computed Tomography, 119
 
4.4.2 Radiation Dose in Typical Clinical Applications and Methods for Dose Reduction, 122
 
4.5 Outlook, 125
 
References, 127
 
5 Magnetic Resonance Technology 131
Boguslaw Tomanek and Jonathan C. Sharp
 
5.1 Introduction, 131
 
5.2 Magnetic Nuclei Spin in a Magnetic Field, 133
 
5.2.1 A Pulsed rf Field Resonates with Magnetized Nuclei, 135
 
5.2.2 The MR Signal, 137
 
5.2.3 Spin Interactions Have Characteristic Relaxation Times, 138
 
5.3 Image Creation, 139
 
5.3.1 Slice Selection, 139
 
5.3.2 The Signal Comes Back--The Spin Echo, 142
 
5.3.3 Gradient Echo, 143
 
5.4 Image Reconstruction, 145
 
5.4.1 Sequence Parameters, 146
 
5.5 Image Resolution, 148
 
5.6 Noise in the Image--SNR, 149
 
5.7 Image Weighting and Pulse Sequence Parameters TE and TR, 150
 
5.7.1 T2-

Report

"This would be highly beneficial to scientists and engineers seeking careers in biomedical imaging." (Journal
of Biomedical Optics, 1 December 2012)
 
"The text is expertly integrated with high-quality figures and includes an index. This book is suitable for researchers and engineers in a variety of disciplines. I highly recommend it as a comprehensive introduction to nanofabrication techniques." (Optics & Photonics News, 1 October 2012)

Product details

• Authors: Salzer, R Salzer, Reiner Salzer, Salzer Reiner, Heinz W. Siesler, Heinz W. Salzer Siesler
• Assisted by: Reiner Salzer (Editor), Salzer Reiner (Editor)
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 01.10.2011
• EAN: 9780470648476
• ISBN: 978-0-470-64847-6
• No. of pages: 448
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Medicine > General; Biomedizin, BILDGEBENDES VERFAHREN, Biomedical engineering, Imaging systems & technology, Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Elektrotechnik u. Elektronik, Bildgebende Verfahren i. d. Biomedizin, Biomedical Imaging, Biomedizintechnik, Bildgebende Systeme u. Verfahren