Read more
Informationen zum Autor NORMAN P. LIEBERMAN is an independent process design engineer and field troubleshooter. His clients are refineries and petrochemical plants. He is well known in the process industry for his seminar "Troubleshooting Process Operations," which has been presented to over 16,000 engineers and plant operators. Klappentext Methods for more planet-friendly process engineeringOur earth is just one big, complex Process Facility with limited air, water, and mineral resources. It responds to a number of process variables--among them, humanity and the environmental effects of our carbon consumption. What can professionals in the Hydrocarbon Process Industry do to retard environmental degradation? Rather than looking to exotic technology for solutions, Process Engineering for a Small Planet details ready-at-hand methods that the process engineer can employ to help combat the environmental crisis.Drawing from the author's professional experience working with petroleum refineries petroleum refineries, petrochemical plants, and natural gas wells, this handbook explains how to operate and retrofit process facilities to:* Reuse existing process equipment* Save energy* Reduce greenhouse gas emissions* Expand plant capacity without installing new equipment* Reduce corrosion and equipment failuresCovering topics from expanding fractionator and compressor capacity and vacuum tower heater expansion to minimizing process water consumption and increasing centrifugal pump capacity, Process Engineering for a Small Planet offers big ideas for saving our small planet. Zusammenfassung * Teaches the reader to retrofit process facilities to re-use existing process equipment in alternate services, save energy, and expand plant capacity without installing new equipment or building new plants in order to help the environment. Inhaltsverzeichnis Foreword xv Preface xvii Introduction: Turning of the Tide 1 1. Expanding Fractionator and Compressor Capacity 3 Reuse of Existing Fractionator Changing Tray Deck Panels Alternates to New Compressor Keeping Compressor Rotor Clean Calculating Liquid Injection Rates to Compressor 2. Vacuum Tower Heater Expansion 17 Entrainment Velocity Limitations Missing Tray Deck Manways Heater Draft Limitation Improving Ejector Performance Velocity Steam in Heater Passes 3. Natural-Draft-Fired Heaters 27 Control Excess Air O2 and Combustible Analyzers Improving Air-Fuel Mixing Convective Section Air Leaks Air Preheater Leaks Indirect Air Preheat 4. Crude Pre-Flash Towers 37 Pre-Flash Tower Flooding Energy Saving with Pre-Flash Towers Capacity Benefits Pre-Flash Tower External Reflux 5. Amine Regeneration and Sulfur Recovery 47 Amine Capacity Expansion Sulfur Plant Capacity Expansion Rich Amine Flash Drum Design Cascaded Seal Legs Sulfur Recovery from Sour Water Stripper Off-Gas Acid Gas of High CO2 Content Sulfur Plant Oxygen Enrichment 6. Treating and Drying Hydrocarbons 59 Jet Fuel Treating Salt Dryer Operation Water-Washing Sodium Naphthanates from Jet Fuel Pipe Distributor Design Treating Sour Naphtha Converting Mercaptans to Disulfides 7. Minimizing Process Water Consumption 71 Two-Stage Wastewater Stripper Steam Condensate Recovery Condensate Drum Balance Line Location Water Hammer Measuring Condensate Recovery Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration 8. Incremental Expansion Design Concept: Reprocessing Waste Lube Oil 79 Reprocessing Waste Lube Oil Vacuum Tower Design Wash Oil Grid Co...
