Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Sheep and Cattle - Biology and Control

Informationen zum Autor Ian Sutherland has a BSc in Parasitology from the University of Glasgow, UK and a PhD in Diagnosing Anthelmintic Resistance from the University of Leeds, UK. Ian has over twenty years experience in parasitology research in the UK, Australia and New Zealand. He is currently the Team Leader for Molecular Immunology and Parasitology at The Hopkirk Research Institute, AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Ian Scott obtained his veterinary degree and PhD at the University of Glasgow, UK. Most of his postgraduate career has been in research/teaching, interspersed with periods in veterinary practice. Ian is currently a Senior Lecturer in Veterinary Parasitology at Massey University, New Zealand. Klappentext A unique resource for all those interested in the impact of worms on livestock, the anthelmintics used to get rid of them and the emerging problem of anthelmintic resistance. This book provides an over-arching view of past, present and suggested future strategies for control of gastrointestinal nematode parasites in sheep and cattle.The book begins with descriptions of the biology of gastrointestinal nematodes, the harm they cause to the host and their economic impact. The main body of the book deals with the control of worms, focusing on the use of anthelmintic drenches. The relationship between drenching practices and the development of drug resistance is discussed, as well as resistance management. The authors also break new ground by discussing alternative options for worm control, including: nutritional interventions, biological control, breeding for desirable genetics and artificially improving immunity to infection. They also offer useful recommendations for program development. Zusammenfassung A unique resource for all those interested in the impact of worms on livestock, the anthelmintics used to get rid of them and the emerging problem of anthelmintic resistance. This book provides an over-arching view of past, present and suggested future strategies for control of gastrointestinal nematode parasites in sheep and cattle. Inhaltsverzeichnis Foreword ix Preface xi Acknowledgements xiii 1 Nematode parasites 1 The nematodes 1 The important nematode genera and species parasitizing ruminant livestock 2 Abomasal genera 3 Small intestinal genera 4 Large intestinal genera 6 Nematode evolution 6 The transition to parasitism 8 Nematode biology 9 Nematode genetics 14 Nematode physiology 15 The dauer larva 17 Anhydrobiosis 17 The nematode life cycle 18 Niches occupied by parasitic nematodes within the vertebrate host 23 The lifespan of parasitic nematodes 26 2 Pathophysiology of nematode infections 33 Are parasites always harmful? 33 Defi ning 'harm' 34 The abomasum 36 The small intestine 42 The large intestine 43 The impact of parasites on overall gut function 43 Effects beyond the gut 47 3 Epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematodes in grazing ruminants 61 Ecology of GINs - pasture 61 Egg to L3 development 62 Effect of host 63 Survival of L3 63 Translation of infective larvae 64 Grazing behaviour and the avoidance of parasites 65 Patterns of infection 66 Overdispersion of parasites 67 Epidemiology of 'parasitism' 67 An increase in the infective mass 68 Alteration in the susceptibility of stock 69 Arrested development and hypobiosis 70 Introduction of susceptible stock onto an infected area 70 Insuffi cient age-related immunity 71 The introduction of infected stock to a clean environment 71 Epidemiology of cattle parasites 72 Population biology in the parasitic phase 72 Sheep parasites 73 Cattle par...

List of contents

Foreword by Professor Sir James Armour.
 
Preface.
 
Acknowledgements.
 
1. Nematode parasites.
 
The nematodes.
 
The important nematode genera and species parasitising ruminant livestock.
 
Abomasal genera.
 
Small intestinal genera.
 
Large intestinal genera.
 
Nematode evolution.
 
The transition to parasitism.
 
Nematode biology.
 
Nematode genetics.
 
Nematode physiology.
 
The dauer larva.
 
Anhydrobiosis.
 
The nematode life cycle.
 
Niches occupied by parasitic nematodes within the vertebrate host.
 
The lifespan of parasitic nematodes.
 
2. Pathophysiology of nematode infections.
 
Are parasites always harmful?
 
Defining 'harm'.
 
The abomasum.
 
The small intestine.
 
The large intestine.
 
The impact of parasites on overall gut function.
 
Effects beyond the gut.
 
3. Epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematodes in grazing ruminants.
 
Ecology of GINs - pasture.
 
Egg to L3 development.
 
Effect of host.
 
Survival of L3.
 
Translation of infective larvae.
 
Grazing behaviour and the avoidance of parasites.
 
Patterns of infection.
 
Overdispersion of parasites.
 
Epidemiology of 'parasitism'.
 
An increase in the infective mass.
 
Alteration in the susceptibility of stock.
 
Arrested development and hypobiosis.
 
Introduction of susceptible stock onto an infected area.
 
Insufficient age-related immunity.
 
The introduction of infected stock to a clean environment.
 
Epidemiology of cattle parasites.
 
Population biology in the parasitic phase.
 
Sheep parasites.
 
Cattle parasites.
 

4. The principles of gastrointestinal nematode control.
 
Control of parasites with anthelmintic drenches.
 
Drench programmes.
 
Strategic drenching programmes.
 
Principles of worm control in cattle.
 
Control of GIN by grazing management.
 
Alternate/mixed grazing with different host species or stock classes.
 
Resistance to treatment.
 
5. Anthelmintics.
 
What are anthelmintics?
 
How effective does an anthelmintic have to be?
 
Which species does an anthelmintic against GIN need to remove?
 
Description, efficacy, profile and mode of action of anthelmintic families.
 
Combination of anthelmintic treatments.
 
Modifying the delivery of anthelmintics.
 
Parenteral administration.
 
Controlled release of anthelmintics.
 
Injectable formulations.
 
6. Anthelmintic resistance.
 
Evolution of anthelmintic resistance.
 
Worldwide occurrence of anthelmintic resistance.
 
Resistance to one or more active families by one or more species.
 
Impact of resistance on productivity.
 
Mechanisms of resistance.
 
Inheritance of resistance.
 
Detection of resistance.
 
7. Drenching and resistance.
 
Frequency of treatment.
 
Under-dosing.
 
Persistent anthelmintics.
 
Why use persistent drenches?
 
The provision of safe pasture and resistance.
 
Persistence and efficacy.
 
Therapeutic efficacy and resistance - 'head selection'.
 
Prophylactic efficacy and resistance - 'tail selection'.
 
Heads or tails?
 
Persistent activity, immunity and resistance.
 
Persistent activity, density dependence and resistance.
 
Drench rotation.

Report

"This very readable book is a refreshing change from most books on parasitology. The authors provide a wonderful review of current research efforts and present it in a way to provide readers with useable information. They also delve into more futuristic ideas on parasite control by vaccination as well as genetic resistance and nutritional interactions." (Doody's, 23 September 2011)
 
"This is definitely a book for anyone who wants to know a lot of detail about gastrointestinal parasites of sheep and cattle, but not for those after a quick and definitive guide to solving common problems encountered in veterinary practice." (The Australian Veterinary Journal, January/February 2011)

Product details

• Authors: Ia Scott, Ian Scott, Ian (Senior Lecturer in Parasitology Scott, Ian Sutherland Scott, SCOTT IAN SUTHERLAND IAN, I Sutherland, Ian Sutherland, Ian (Team Leader for Parasite Biotechnology Sutherland, Ian/ Scott Sutherland
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 16.10.2009
• EAN: 9781405185820
• ISBN: 978-1-4051-8582-0
• No. of pages: 256
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Medicine > Veterinary medicine; Veterinärmedizin, Rind, Schafe, veterinary medicine