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Informationen zum Autor The Novartis Foundation is an international scientific and educational charity which promotes the study and general knowledge of science and in particular encourages international co-operation in scientific research. Klappentext Type 1 diabetes (T1D) can be managed by administration of insulin, but the search continues for a more permanent cure. Hopes were high in the early 1990s, when the similarity between mouse and human MHC class II diabetes susceptibility genes had been discovered, and a cure seemed at hand via modulating interactions between CD4+ T cells and such MHC molecules. Unfortunately pathogenesis of T1D is much more complex, polygenic, dependent on disease penetrance on multiple environmental factors, and likely to involve the participation of CD4+, CD8+ and B lymphocytes. Additionally, islet ²-cell destruction might involve mechanisms that differ among individuals.Since T1D is an autoimmune disease, a likely strategy in this search for a cure seems to be modulation of the immune system. This book therefore brings together contributions from leaders in the arena of clinical immunotherapy, not limited to the diabetes field.Topics discussed focus on the following questions:* When and where does the co-ordination of the immune responses leading to islet destruction take place?* What are the crucial histopathological features of human diabetes, and are these accurately reflected in mouse models?* Can we define the functional features of pathogenic response, and can we assess whether these allow prediction of T1D development on an individual basis?* Can we delineate a roadmap for successfully prioritizing and accelerating immunotherapeutics in T1D?Defining optimal immunotherapies for type 1 diabetes offers a comprehensive and up-to-date account of immunological strategies for preventing or treating T1D, and will be of particular interest to diabetologists and endocrinologists, both clinicians and researchers, as well as to immunologists and molecular or cell biologists and drug discovery scientists. The book also considers T1D within the broader context of autoimmune disease, and is therefore of interest to clinicians and researchers working on any such disease. Zusammenfassung * This book is a comprehensive and up-to-date account of where we stand in immunological strategies for preventing or treating type 1 diabetes (T1D). Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Michael Rutter Introduction: whither gene-environment interactions? 2. Rudolf Uher Gene-environment interaction: overcoming methodological challenges Discussion 3. Marco Battaglia, Cecilia Marino, Michel Maziade, Massimo Molteni and Francesca D'Amato Gene-environment interaction and behavioural disorders: a developmental perspective based on endophenotypes Discussion 4. Naomi R. Wray, William L. Coventry, Michael R. James, Grant W. Montgomery, Lindon J. Eaves and Nicholas G. Martin Use of monozygotic twins to investigate the relationship between 5HTTLPR genotype, depression and stressful life events: an application of Item Response Theory Discussion Appendix General discussion I 5. Harold Snieder, Xiaoling Wang, Vasiliki Lagou, Brenda W. J. H. Penninx, Harriëtte Riese and Catharina A. Hartman Role of gene-stress interactions in gene-finding studies Discussion 6. Kenneth A. Dodge Practice and public policy in the era of gene-environment interactions Discussion 7. Kristi B. Adamo and Frédérique Tesson Gene-environment interaction and the metabolic syndrome Discussion General discussion II 8. Stephen P. Robertson and Richie Poulton Longitudinal studies of gen...
List of contents
1. Michael Rutter
Introduction: whither gene-environment interactions?
2. Rudolf Uher
Gene-environment interaction: overcoming methodological challenges
Discussion
3. Marco Battaglia, Cecilia Marino, Michel Maziade, Massimo Molteni and Francesca D'Amato
Gene-environment interaction and behavioural disorders: a developmental perspective based on endophenotypes
Discussion
4. Naomi R. Wray, William L. Coventry, Michael R. James, Grant W. Montgomery, Lindon J. Eaves and Nicholas G. Martin
Use of monozygotic twins to investigate the relationship between 5HTTLPR genotype, depression and stressful life events: an application of Item Response Theory
Discussion
Appendix
General discussion I
5. Harold Snieder, Xiaoling Wang, Vasiliki Lagou, Brenda W. J. H. Penninx, Harriëtte Riese and Catharina A. Hartman
Role of gene-stress interactions in gene-finding studies
Discussion
6. Kenneth A. Dodge
Practice and public policy in the era of gene-environment interactions
Discussion
7. Kristi B. Adamo and Frédérique Tesson
Gene-environment interaction and the metabolic syndrome
Discussion
General discussion II
8. Stephen P. Robertson and Richie Poulton
Longitudinal studies of gene-environment interaction in common diseases--good value for money?
Discussion
9. Kee-Seng Chia
Gene-environment interactions in breast cancer
Discussion
10. Malak Kotb, Nourtan Abdeltawab, Ramy Aziz, Sarah Rowe, Robert W. Williams and Lu Lu
Unbiased forward genetics and systems biology approaches to understanding how gene-environment interactions work to predict susceptibility and outcomes of infections
Discussion
11. Steven R. Kleeberger and Hye-Youn Cho
Gene-environment interactions in environmental lung diseases
Discussion
General discussion III
12. Fernando D. Martinez
Gene-environment interaction in complex diseases: asthma as an illustrative case
Discussion
13. Michael Rutter
Conclusions: taking stock and looking ahead
Glossary
Index of contributors
Subject index
