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Informationen zum Autor John J. Gilman , PhD, is Research Professor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at UCLA. He has been contributing to the scientific literature of mechanical hardness for almost fifty years. Dr. Gilman is the author of three other books and 325 technical papers, and the owner of six patents. He has been an editor for various books and magazines. Klappentext A comprehensive treatment of the chemistry and physics of mechanical hardnessChemistry and Physics of Mechanical Hardness presents a general introduction to hardness measurement and the connections between hardness and fundamental materials properties.Beginning with an introduction on the importance of hardness in the development of technology, the book systematically covers:* Indentation* Chemical bonding* Plastic deformation* Covalent semiconductors* Simple metals and alloys* Transition metals* Intermetallic compounds* Ionic crystals* Metal-metalloids* Oxides* Molecular crystals* Polymers* Glasses* Hot hardness* Chemical hardness* Super-hard materialsChemistry and Physics of Mechanical Hardness is essential reading for materials scientists, mechanical engineers, metallurgists, ceramists, chemists, and physicists who are interested in learning how hardness is related to other properties and to the building blocks of everyday matter. Zusammenfassung Hardness is one the most important properties of solid materials and requires a comprehensive treatment. There are books on hardness testing and on the hardnesses of particular types of materials, but there are none that treat the physics and chemistry of the subject in a general way. Inhaltsverzeichnis Preface xi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Why Hardness Matters (A Short History) 1 1.2 Purpose of This Book 5 1.3 The Nature of Hardness 7 2 Indentation 11 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 The Chin-Gilman Parameter 14 2.3 What Does Indentation Hardness Measure? 14 2.4 Indentation Size Effect 20 2.5 Indentation Size (From Macro to Nano) 22 2.6 Indentation vs. Scratch Hardness 23 2.7 Blunt or Soft Indenters 24 2.8 Anisotropy 24 2.9 Indenter and Specimen Surfaces 25 3 Chemical Bonding 27 3.1 Forms of Bonding 27 3.2 Atoms 28 3.3 State Symmetries 29 3.4 Molecular Bonding (Hydrogen) 31 3.5 Covalent Bonds 36 3.6 Bonding in Solids 41 3.7 Electrodynamic Bonding 45 3.8 Polarizability 47 4 Plastic Deformation 51 4.1 Introduction 51 4.2 Dislocation Movement 52 4.3 Importance of Symmetry 55 4.4 Local Inelastic Shearing of Atoms 56 4.5 Dislocation Multiplication 57 4.6 Individual Dislocation Velocities (Microscopic Distances) 59 4.7 Viscous Drag 60 4.8 Deformation-Softening and Elastic Relaxation 62 4.9 Macroscopic Plastic Deformation 63 5 Covalent Semiconductors 67 5.1 Introduction 67 5.2 Octahedral Shear Stiffness 69 5.3 Chemical Bonds and Dislocation Mobility 71 5.4 Behavior of Kinks 75 5.5 Effect of Polarity 77 5.6 Photoplasticity 79 5.7 Surface Environments 80 5.8 Effect of Temperature 80 5.9 Doping Effects 80 6 Simple Metals and Alloys 83 6.1 Intrinsic Behavior 83 6.2 Extrinsic Sources of Plastic Resistance 85 7 Transition Metals 99 7.1 Introduction 99 7.2 Rare Earth Metals 101 8 Intermetallic Compounds 103 8.1 Introduction 103 8.2 Crystal Structures 104 8.3 Calculated Hardness of NiAl 112 8.4 Superconducting Intermetallic Compounds 113 8.5 Transition Metal Compounds 115 9 Ionic Crystals 119 9.1 Alkali Halides 119 9.2 Glide in the NaCl Structure 120 9.3 Alkali Halide Allo...
