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Informationen zum Autor Professor Ian Colbeck leads the Aerosol Science Group in the Department of Biological Sciences, and is Director of the Centre for Environment and Society at the University of Essex. Contributors to the book: Professor Jay Turner Professor Ari Laaksonen Dr Charles Clement Dr Mihalis Lazardis Dr Irena Grgic Dr David Topping Dr A. R. Mackenzie Dr Urs Baltensperger Dr Markus Furger Dr Kari Lehtinen Klappentext Aerosol particles are ubiquitous in the Earth's atmosphere and are central to many environmental issues such as climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion and air quality. In urban environments, aerosol particles can affect human health through their inhalation. Atmospheric aerosols originate from naturally occurring processes, such as volcanic emissions, sea spray and mineral dust emissions, or from anthropogenic activity such as industry and combustion processes. Aerosols present pathways for reactions, transport, and deposition that would not occur in the gas phase alone. Understanding the ways in which aerosols behave, evolve, and exert these effects requires knowledge of their formation and removal mechanism, transport processes, as well as their physical and chemical characteristics. Motivated by climate change and adverse health effects of traffic-related air pollution, aerosol research has intensified over the past couple of decades, and recent scientific advances offer an improved understanding of the mechanisms and factors controlling the chemistry of atmospheric aerosols. Environmental Chemistry of Aerosols brings together the current state of knowledge of aerosol chemistry, with chapters written by international leaders in the field. It will serve as an authoritative and practical reference for scientists studying the Earth's atmosphere and as an educational and training resource for both postgraduate students and professional atmospheric scientists. Zusammenfassung Atmospheric aerosols (fine particles suspended in the atmosphere) play a significant role in the chemistry of the atmosphere! and in particular in the physics and chemistry of pollution. Environmental Chemistry of Aerosols will describe the current state of knowledge of aerosol chemistry with each chapter written by a leader in field. Inhaltsverzeichnis List of Contributors ix Preface xi 1 Physical and Chemical Properties of Atmospheric Aerosols 1 Jay Turner and Ian Colbeck 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Ambient aerosol size distributions 3 1.2.1 Idealised size distributions of aerosol number and mass 3 1.2.2 Size distribution measurements 6 1.2.3 Dynamics of atmospheric aerosol size distributions 8 1.2.4 Features of selected ambient aerosol size distributions 11 1.3 Major chemical components of ambient fine particulate matter 15 1.4 Aerosol composition as a function of size 21 1.5 Summary and conclusions 22 References 25 2 Nucleation 31 Ari Laaksonen and Kari E.J. Lehtinen 2.1 Introduction 31 2.2 Nucleation kinetics 31 2.2.1 One-component systems 31 2.2.2 Binary systems 34 2.3 Nucleation thermodynamics 36 2.3.1 One-component systems 36 2.3.2 The classical theory 39 2.3.3 Multicomponent systems 40 2.4 The nucleation theorem 41 2.4.1 Scaling properties of critical clusters 42 2.4.2 An application to atmospheric nucleation 45 References 46 3 Mass Transfer to Aerosols 49 Charles F. Clement 3.1 Introduction 49 3.1.1 Equilibration between aerosol and gas 51 3.2 Transfer to a particle 52 3.2.1 Molecular motion 52 3.2.2 Motion in gases: kinetic theory 53 3.2.3 Diffusion 55 3.2...
