The Interface of Sleep Medicine and Movement Disorders

Sleep, Movement Disorders, and Dopamine will be divided into five parts, each detailing a unique theme: (I) physiology of the dopaminergic system; (II) role of DA in PLMD and RLS; (III) DA hypofunction as a contributor to RBD; (IV) imaging studies in DA deficient states; and finally (V) the downside of DA treatment underlying the fine balance between sleep and wakefulness. Each part will be divided into several chapters further exploring and reviewing recent data as detailed in the table of contents. The neurotransmitter, dopamine (DA), plays a fundamental role in wakefulness and arousal. Although many questions still remain about its role in mediating these two critical processes, recent electrophysiological, and neuropharmacological, imaging and genetic studies have revealed new fascinating and detailed information. One of the most important, but yet controversial areas in neuroscience today revolves around dopamine administration in dopamine deficient states. For example, dopamine administration in Parkinson s disease (PD) provides a critical medium by which many of its sleep-related effects have been studied and argued. Preliminary findings tend to indicate that the administration of a DA D3-preferring agonist induces somnolence and sleep in laboratory animals and man. Activation of postsynaptic DA D1 or D2 receptors increases wakefulness but selective stimulation of DA D2 autoreceptors or blockade of DA D1 or D2 receptors induces the opposite effects, while activation of the DA D3 receptor induces severe hypersomnia and sudden irresistible sleep attacks.
Sleep-related movement disorders such as restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) are closely related movement disorders, which can disturb sleep onset and sleep maintenance. Although the mechanisms that underlie idiopathic RLS or PLMD are not fully understood, there is currently substantial evidence that dopaminergic dysfunction is likely involved: First, the symptoms of RLS and PLMD are responsive to treatment with dopaminergic agents; secondly, neuroimaging studies using positron emission tomography (PET) suggests dopaminergic hypofunction; and finally, decreased dopamine D2 receptor binding and 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa (FDOPA) uptake was shown in the putamen and caudate nuclei in patients with RLS. In contrast, marked striatal dopamine depletion was demonstrated in patients with REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) as the base for the clinical and nosological overlap of RBD with PD. PET and SPECT also suggested that sleep abnormalities in PD, such as REM sleep diminution or increased PLMD, are indirect manifestations of the primary striatal dopamine deficiency. This fascinating and complex relationship is one example which underlies why discussion of the dopaminergic system is crucial in patients with motor and sleep disturbances.
Sleep, Movement Disorders, and Dopamine will be divided into five parts, each detailing a unique theme: (I) physiology of the dopaminergic system; (II) role of DA in PLMD and RLS; (III) DA hypofunction as a contributor to RBD; (IV) imaging studies in DA deficient states; and finally (V) the downside of DA treatment underlying the fine balance between sleep and wakefulness. Each part will be divided into several chapters further exploring and reviewing recent data as detailed in the table of contents.

List of contents

Table of Contents:
Preface: Sleep, Movement Disorders, and Dopamine
Alon Avidan MD, MPH
Part I: Role of Dopamine in Sleep and Wakefulness
Chapter 1: Neurobiology of Dopaminergic Modulation of Behavioral States.
Contributor: Alon Y. Avidan MD, MPH, Department of Neurology, UCLA.
Chapter 2: The Two Faces of Eve: Dopamine's Modulation of Wakefulness and Sleep, Emerging Views from an Unlikely Source: Parkinson s disease.
Contributor/s: D. B. Rye and J. Jankovic, Department of Neurology, Emory University.
Part II: The Role of Dopamine in Restless Leg Syndrome, Periodic Leg Movements and Alternating Leg Muscle Activation
Chapter 3: Restless Legs Syndrome: Revisiting the Dopamine Hypothesis from the Spinal Cord Perspective.
Contributor/s: Paulus W, Schomburg ED. Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Gottingen, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075 Gottingen, Germany. [e-mail]
Chapter 4: Parkinson s Disease and Restless Legs Syndrome: A Dopaminergic Bridge
Contributor/s: Earley CJ, Hyland K, Allen RP. Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
Chapter 5: Treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome with Dopamine Agonists. The Benefits.
Contributor: Karin Stiasny-Kolster, MD, Department of Neurology, Center of Nervous Diseases, Rudolf-Bultmann-Strasse 8, D-35033 Marburg, Germany
E-mail: [e-mail]
Chapter 6: Dopamine D2 Receptor Alteration in Patients with Periodic leg Movements.
Contributor/s: J. Staedt. Department of Psychiatry, Georg August University, Göttingen, Federal Republic of Germany
Chapter 7: The Neurophysiology of the Alternating Leg Muscle Activation (ALMA) during sleep: Why Do Dopamine Agonists Help?
Contributor/s: Cosentino FI, Iero I, Lanuzza B, Tripodi M, Ferri R. Department of Neurology I.C., Sleep Research Centre, Oasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Via Conte Ruggiero 73, 94018 Troina, Italy.
Part III: Implication of Dopaminergic System in REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
Chapter 8: The Role of Reduced Striatal Dopamine Transporters in Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder
Contributor/s: Dr Ilonka Eisensehr, R. Linke, S. Noachtar, J. Schwarz, F. J. Gildehaus and K. Tatsch Department of Neurology, University of Munich, Klinikum Grosshadern, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany E-mail: [e-mail]
Chapter 9: Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder in Multiple System Atrophy: The Role of Decreased Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Projections in the Pathophysiology.
Contributor/s: S. Gilman, MD, F. Consens MD, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. [e-mail]
Chapter 10: The Use of Domapine Agonists in REM Sleep Behavior Disorder: What Does the Data Show?
Contributor; Schmidt MH, Koshal VB, Schmidt HS. Ohio Sleep Medicine and Neuroscience Institute, Dublin, OH 43017, USA. [e-mail]
Part IV: Dopamine and Sleep-Related Movement Disorders. What does imaging Tell Us?
Chapter 11: The Use of Functional Brain Imaging in Investigating the Role of Dopamine in Combined Motor and Sleep Disorders-
Contributor/s: Hilker R, Burghaus L, Razai N, Jacobs AH, Szelies B, Heiss WD. Department of Neurology, Medical University of Cologne, Germany. [e-mail]
Chapter 12: SPECT imaging of striatal pre- and postsynaptic dopaminergic status in restless legs syndrome with periodic leg movements in sleep.
Contributor/s: Michaud M, Soucy JP, Chabli A, Lavigne G, Montplaisir J. Departement de Psychiatrie Faculte de Medecine Universite de Montreal, Canada.
Chapter 13: Combination of Idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder and Olfactory Dysfunction as Possible Indicator for a-Synucleinopathy Demonstrated by Dopamine Transporter FP-CIT-SPECT.
Contributor/s: Stiasny-Kolster K, Doerr Y, Moller JC, Hoffken H, Behr TM, Oertel WH, Mayer G. Department of Neurology, Center of Nervous Diseases, Phili

Product details

• Assisted by: Alon Y. Avidan (Editor), Alo Y Avidan (Editor), Alon Y Avidan (Editor)
• Publisher: Springer, Berlin
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 31.12.2011
• EAN: 9781603271899
• ISBN: 978-1-60327-189-9
• No. of pages: 300
• Series: Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience; Contemporary Clinical Neurosci; Contemporary Clinical Neurosci
• Subject: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Medicine > Non-clinical medicine