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Informationen zum Autor Michael L. Clark is the author of The Shimmering Trilogy. This series allows the reader to explore what it might be like to live on the Natchez Trail in the early 1800s. His first two books: The Shimmering and The Diary of Gus Childers left his readers begging for more.A long-time resident of Middle Tennessee, he spends much of his free time exploring historical places throughout the Southeastern part of the country. With each journey, he discovers new intriguing material to research for upcoming books. Clark has recently retired from the United States Postal Service which allows him more time for writing and researching his next projects. Klappentext Now available in a fully revised third edition, this comprehensive introduction to phonetics and phonology familiarizes the reader with detailed knowledge of articulatory and acoustic phonetics as well as the foundations of phonological analysis. Featuring numerous figures throughout, it assumes no prior knowledge of the subject. The new edition contains a number of valuable changes, including: Updated chapters on the anatomy, physiology, and acoustics of speech production, which include recent research findings A thorough revision of the chapter on speech perception An expanded chapter on prosody, including a major section on autosegmental-metrical models of intonation Additional material on theoretical phonology, including a new section on constraint-based theories, including Optimality Theory Integrating new findings, theories, and references, the third edition of An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology is the most thorough and complete resource on the subject to date. Zusammenfassung * Offers a comprehensive introduction to phonetics and phonology that assumes no prior knowledge of the subject. * Exceptionally thorough, including detailed attention to articulatory and acoustic phonetics as well as to the foundations of phonological analysis. Inhaltsverzeichnis List of Figures x List of Tables xiv Preface to the Third Edition xv List of Abbreviations xvi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Phonetics and phonology 1 1.2 Theory and analysis 4 1.3 Applications of phonetics and phonology 6 1.4 Outline of this book 7 Exercises 9 2 Segmental Articulation 10 2.1 Introduction 10 2.2 A functional overview of the speech production process 11 2.3 The organs of speech 15 2.4 Describing speech sounds 16 2.5 Airstream mechanisms 16 2.6 Modes of phonation 19 2.7 Vocalic sounds 22 2.8 Duration and glide in vocalic articulations 32 2.9 Consonantal sounds 36 2.10 Vocal tract place 38 2.11 Tongue position 41 2.12 Manner of articulation 43 2.13 Stricture 49 2.14 Force 51 2.15 Length 51 2.16 Voice onset 52 Exercises 53 3 Units of Speech 55 Introduction 55 3.1 Identifying the units of speech 56 3.2 Complex articulations 61 3.3 Nasalization 62 3.4 Labialization 63 3.5 Palatalization 64 3.6 Velarization and pharyngealization 64 3.7 Affrication 65 3.8 Double articulation 65 3.9 Vowel retroflexion 66 3.10 Diphthongization 66 3.11 Syllabicity 67 3.12 Segmentation and structure 69 3.13 Diphthongs and related phenomena 71 3.14 Interpretations 74 Exercises 79 4 The Phonemic Organization of Speech 81 Introduction 81 4.1 Phonetic variability 81 4.2 The phoneme 90 4.3 Allophones 93 4.4 Phonemic norms 98 4.5 Pattern and symmetry 99 4.6 Phonological reality 103 4.7 Units and boundaries 105 4.8 Invariance and overlap 107 4.9 Biuniqueness and neutralization 109 4.10 Morphophonemic alternations 114 4.11 Free variati...
