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A revelatory deep history of American division, through the prism of the two ships whose widespread use to define that division has been lost to memory but whose legacy endures In the bitterly polarized decades leading up to the American Civil War, it was commonplace to argue that America’s strife could be traced back all the way to the arrival of two ships less than a year apart--the ship that brought the first enslaved Africans to Jamestown in 1619, and the In a deeper sense, David S. Reynolds shows us in this magnificent book, those two ships stood for two quite distinct realities that were born in conflict in England and brought to America.;The names for the two sides of that conflict, in both countries, were the Puritans and the Cavaliers, names born in the bloodshed of the English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell’s coup d’etat over Charles I and Charles II’s Restoration. The Virginia colony, founded by royalists, was steeped in the ideas of divine right, which flowed down in rigid patriarchal hierarchies. Plymouth Colony was founded by dissenters to the King and his church, who, while hardly perfect, carried the seeds of a more egalitarian political vision. But then, after Reconstruction ended and America descended into the long night of Jim Crow, the metaphor of the two ships went to sleep as well. The meaning;of the
About the author
David S. Reynolds is a Distinguished Professor at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. He is the author of Walt Whitman’s America: A Cultural Biography, winner of the Bancroft Prize and the Ambassador Book Award. His other books include Beneath the American Renaissance, winner of the Christian Gauss Award; John Brown, Abolitionist; Waking Giant: America in the Age of Jackson; Mightier than the Sword: Uncle Tom’s Cabin and the Battle for America; and Lincoln’s Selected Writings. His most recent book is Abe: Abraham Lincoln in His Times, the basis of the documentary Lincoln’s Dilemma and winner of the Gilder Lehrman Abraham Lincoln Prize.
Summary
A revelatory history of American division through the prism of two ships, whose widespread use to define that division has been lost to memory despite their enduring legacy
In the bitterly polarized decades leading up to the American Civil War, it was commonplace to argue that America’s strife could be traced back to the arrival of two ships, less than a year apart—The White Lion, which brought the first enslaved Africans to Jamestown in 1619, and the Mayflower, which brought the Pilgrims to Plymouth Rock in 1620.
In a deeper sense, David S. Reynolds shows us, in this magnificent book, those two ships, invoked by Frederick Douglass and many others, stood for two quite distinct realities: the Puritans and the Cavaliers, names and ideologies born in the bloodshed of the English Civil War. The Virginia colony, founded by royalists, was steeped in the ideas of divine right, which flowed down in rigid patriarchal hierarchies. Plymouth Colony’s dissenters to the king and his church, while hardly perfect, carried the seeds of a more egalitarian political vision.
These two ships of 1619 and 1620 played a key role in the battle of images and words that marked the roiling fight, and then war, over slavery. As Reynolds shows, there was a long stretch of time in America when everyone knew what Cavaliers and Puritans meant. It was North versus South, but more deeply, it was about whether social hierarchy was the natural order of things.
But then, as America descended into the long night of Jim Crow, the metaphor of the two ships went to sleep as well. The meaning of the Mayflower and of Thanksgiving changed as they became mainstream, apolitical ideas. If the ships’ status as cultural touchpoints before the Civil War tells us something vital about that conflict, their forgetting afterward tells us much about why the road to true equality has proved so stony. By dredging up these two ships’ dueling images, the great David S. Reynolds enables us to make the same use of them that Frederick Douglass and his contemporaries did—to challenge us, and to give us hope that we are up to the task.
