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Based on the author s 15 years of teaching water rock interactions and tried and tested in the classroom, Environmental Surfaces and Interfaces covers everything from the theory of charged particle surfaces to how minerals grow and dissolve to new frontiers in W R interactions, such as nanoparticles, geomicrobiology, and climate change. Numerous case studies help contextualize concepts while chapter ending practice and thought questions facilitate comprehension. The text provides basic conceptual understanding along with more complex subject matter to encourage students to look beyond the text to ongoing research in the field.
List of contents
Preface.
Constants and Units.
Periodic Table of the Elements.
1 Some Fundamental Chemical Thermodynamic and Kinetic Concepts.
Concentration Units.
Thermodyamic Versus Kinetic Approaches.
Introductory Thermodynamics.
A Brief Introduction to Kinetics.
Questions for Further Thought.
Further Reading.
2 The Hydrologic Cycle as Context for Environmental Surfaces and Interfaces.
The Structure and Fundamental Properties of Water.
The Chemical Composition of the Earth.
The Critical Zone.
The Hydrologic Cycle.
Oceans.
Atmosphere.
Underground water.
Surface Waters: Focus on Rivers.
Water Budgets and Chemical Fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems.
Questions for Further Thought.
Further Reading.
3 Some Minerals of Special Interest to Environmental Surface Chemistry.
Gibbsite.
Quartz.
Kaolinite.
Smectite: Example Montmorillonite.
Fe(hydr)oxides.
Manganese Oxides.
Calcite.
Feldspars.
Zeolites.
Questions for Further Thought.
Further Reading.
4 Some Key Techniques for Investigating Surfaces and Interfaces.
A Brief Overview of Some Commonly Used Techniques.
In-Depth Descriptions of Some Key Techniques.
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
Microscopies for Biofilm Imaging.
Questions for Further Thought.
Further Reading.
5 Surfaces and Interfaces.
What is a Surface? What is an Interface?
The Challenges of Defining Surfaces and Interfaces.
Surfaces are Complex.
Surface Free Energy and Surface Excess.
Surface Tension and Related Phenomena.
Some Approaches to Surface and Interface Modeling.
Case Study: Bacteria-Mineral-Gas Interactions in the Vadose Zone.
Questions for Further Thought.
Further Reading.
6 The Charged Interface and Surface Complexation.
Some Evidence for Surface Charge.
Sources of Mineral Surface Charge.
Points of Zero Charge.
Sorption Terminology.
Cation Exchange Capacity.
Sorption Isotherms.
Adsorption Isotherm Equations.
The Double Layer, Gouy-Chapman Theory.
Beyond Gouy-Chapman: Surface Complexation Models.
Model Verification and Validation.
Case Study: Incorporating the Work Associated with Removal of Water During Adsorption into the TLM.
DLVO Theory and Colloid Attachment in Porous Media.
Questions for Further Thought.
Further Reading.
7 Sorption: Inorganic Cations and Anions.
A Typical Sorption Experiment Design.
Metal Cation Sorption.
Inorganic Anion Adsorption.
Importance of Redox State and Valence to Inorganic Ion Adsorption.
Questions for Further Thought.
Further Reading.
8 Sorption: Organic Compounds.
A Brief Introduction to Organic Chemistry.
Some Organic Compounds of Interest in Environmental Surface Chemistry.
Sorption of Simple Organic Ligands, Surfactants, and Natural Organic Matter.
Metal-Ligand Coadsorption: Ternary Surface Complexes.
Sorption of Some Organic Pollutants.
The Kd Approach to Hydrophobic Organic Compound Transport in Porous Media.
Activated Carbon and Sorption of VOCs.
Questions for Further Thought.
Further Reading.
9 Mineral Nucleation and Growth.
