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Life-Threatening Cardiac Emergencies for the Small Animal Practitioner offers a quick reference to recognizing and treating common cardiac arrhythmias and emergent cardiac conditions in canine and feline patients, designed for fast access during an emergency.
* Offers quick and easy access to key information for diagnosing and managing arrhythmias and cardiac conditions in dogs and cats
* Designed for ease of use in the fast-paced emergency setting
* Presents clear, reproducible ECGs, radiographs, and echocardiograms for reference and comparison
* Part of the Rapid Reference series providing small animal practitioners with ideal quick references for patient-side guidance
List of contents
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction xiii
1 Normal ECG 1
Before recording 1
ECG set up 2
Recording the ECG 2
What is measured 3
Normal ECG 3
Calculating the heart rate 3
Calculating the mean electrical axis 5
Measuring the complexes 5
2 Bradyarrhythmias 8
Sinus bradycardia 8
Sinus arrhythmia 9
Sinus arrest 10
Atrial standstill 10
AV block overview 12
First-degree AV block 12
Second-degree AV block 12
Third-degree AV block 13
Asystole 15
Cardiopulmonary arrest 16
Escape rhythms 20
3 Tachyarrhythmias 22
Atrial premature complexes 22
Ventricular premature complexes 22
Differentiating SVT from VT 24
Supraventricular tachycardia 27
Atrial fibrillation 28
Ventricular pre-excitation 32
Re-entrant tachycardia 33
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome 34
Ventricular tachycardia 35
Accelerated idioventricular rhythm 38
Ventricular flutter 39
Ventricular fibrillation 40
Torsade de pointes 40
4 Miscellaneous arrhythmias and cardiac conditions 42
Artifacts and anomalies 42
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy 42
AV junctional rhythms 45
Junctional escape beats 45
Junctional rhythm 46
Bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome (sick sinus syndrome) 47
Electrical alternans (pericardial effusion) 48
Left bundle branch block 50
Left anterior fascicular block 51
Right bundle branch block 52
ST segment abnormalities 52
T wave abnormalities 53
Canine congestive heart failure--mitral valve insufficiency 55
Canine dilated cardiomyopathy 58
Feline aortic thromboembolism (saddle thrombus) 59
Feline congestive heart failure 64
Heartworm--caval syndrome (CS) 68
Pericardial effusion 73
5 Electrolyte disturbance and the ECG 77
Hyperkalemia 77
Hypokalemia 78
Hypercalcemia 78
Hypocalcemia 79
6 Emergency algorithms 80
Bradycardia algorithm 80
Tachycardia algorithm 80
Asystole algorithm (CPR) 80
Arrhythmia drug chart 80
Further reading 86
Index 000
