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Inhaltsverzeichnis Preface xi PART ONE: INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ONE The Dance of Racism: Perpetrators, Targets, Bystanders, and White Allies 3 Challenge, Change, and Transformation: The Racial Revolution 5 The Rise of Whiteness and White Supremacy 6 Addressing Racism 9 Critical Consciousness 10 Self-Reckoning 16 Anti-Racism (Words and Deeds) 19 The Dance of Racism 25 The Dance Metaphor 25 Final Words 28 References 29 PART TWO: THE DANCERS CHAPTER TWO Barriers to Perpetrator Awareness and Reparative Action 37 Overcoming Perpetrator Unawareness 39 Cognitive Barriers 40 Affective/Emotional Barriers 50 Behavioral Barriers 58 When Perpetrators Are Called Out 61 Strategies For Perpetrators To Break The Deadly Dance Of Racism 63 Conclusion 66 References 66 CHAPTER THREE Target Survival and Resilience: Overcoming Racism 73 The Prevalence of Racism Experienced by Targets: Who Are People of Color? 74 Discrimination Against African Americans 75 Discrimination Against Asian Americans 77 Discrimination Against Latinx (Hispanic) Americans 79 Discrimination Against Native Americans 81 Discrimination Against American Arab, Middle Eastern, and North African (AMENA) 83 Impact of Racism on People of Color 85 Microaggressive Harm to People of Color 86 Macroaggressive Harm to People of Color 87 The Consequences of Racial Trauma 89 Target Survival and Coping 93 Consciousness Raising 94 Self-Care Coping 95 Empowering for Action 98 References 100 CHAPTER FOUR Barriers to White Bystander Awareness and Anti-Racist Action 107 Forces Shaping Bystander Inaction or Action 108 The Bystander Effect: Silence and Inaction 109 Diffusion of Responsibility 110 Social Proof 111 Evaluation Apprehension 112 Costs/Benefits Explanation 113 Similarities and Relationships 114 The Racialization of Bystander Interventions 118 Conformity and Obedience to Authority 119 Isolation, Group Loyalty, Power, Secrecy, and Racism: Societal Implications 124 Everyday Racism and Microaggressions: Impact on Bystanders 128 Conclusions 136 References 137 CHAPTER FIVE Barriers to Ally Awareness: A Call for Courage 143 Aspirational Characteristics of White Allies 144 Demonstrate a Nuanced Understanding of Structural Racism and White Privilege 144 Enact a Continual Process of Self-Reflection About Their Positionality and Privilege 145 Experience a Sense of Responsibility to Use Their Racial Privilege to Facilitate Equity 145 Engage in Actions to Disrupt Individual and Structural Racism in Their Own Communities 146 Participate in Coalitions and Work in Solidarity with POC 146 Encounter Resistance, Prepare for Backlash, and Shore Up Resources to Persist 146 Potential Hazards of White Allyship: Reinforcing the Status Quo 147 Engaging in Superficial and Performative Gestures 147 Acting Paternalistically 148 Overidentifying with People of Color 149 Performative Allyship as a Starting Point? 150 Motivations for Ally Work 151 Childhood and Family Background 152 Critical Incidents or Turning Points 153 POC Perspectives of White Racial Justice Allies 154 White Allies Are Few and Far Between (Structural Barriers to Becoming an Ally) 156 The Emotional Labor of Allyship 158 Hesitancy to Act: White Ally Paralysis 160 Response Uncertainty 160 Fear of Punitive Consequences 161 Summary and Synthesis: The Hazards of White Racial Justice Allyship 162 How to Be an Effective White Ally: Strategies to Break the Dance 165...
