Toxicology and Epigenetics

Informationen zum Autor Dr. Saura C. Sahu, Research Chemist, Division of Toxicology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration. Dr. Sahu is the US Editor for the Journal of Applied Toxicology and the editor of Hepatotoxicity (Wiley, 2007), Toxicogenomics (Wiley, 2008), Nanotoxicity (Wiley, 2009), and Handbook of Systems Toxicology (Wiley, 2011). Klappentext Epigenetics is the study of both heritable and non-heritable changes in the regulation of gene activity and expression that occur without an alteration in the DNA sequence. This dynamic and rapidly developing discipline is making its impact across the biomedical sciences, in particular in toxicology where epigenetic differences can mean that different individuals respond differently to the same drug or chemical.Toxicology and Epigenetics reflects the multidimensional character of this emerging area of toxicology, describing cutting-edge molecular technologies to unravel epigenetic changes, the use of in vivo and in vitro models, as well as the potential use of toxicological epigenetics in regulatory environments. An international team of experts consider the interplay between epigenetics and toxicology in a number of areas, including environmental, nutritional, pharmacological, and computational toxicology, nanomaterials, proteomics and metabolomics, and cancer research.Topics covered include:* environment, epigenetics and diseases* DNA methylation and toxicogenomics* chromatin at the intersection of disease and therapy* epigenomic actions of environmental arsenicals* environment, epigenetics and cardiovascular health* toxicology, epigenetics and autoimmunity* ocular epigenomics: potential sites of environmental impact in development and disease* nuclear RNA silencing and related phenomena in animals* epigenomics - impact for drug safety sciences* methods of global epigenomic profiling* transcriptomics: applications in epigenetic toxicologyToxicology and Epigenetics is an essential insight into the current trends and future directions of research in this rapidly expanding field for investigators, toxicologists, risk assessors and regulators in academia, industry and government. "Despite some of the issues with the structure, Toxicology and Epigenetics is an important, timely book that provides world-class, expert opinion on a broad range of topics in a fast moving highly relevant branch of toxicology." ( British Toxicology Society , 1 July 2013) Zusammenfassung This book describes cutting-edge molecular technologies to unravel epigenetic changes, the use of in vivo and in vitro models, as well as the potential use of toxicological epigenetics in regulatory environments. Inhaltsverzeichnis Preface xxi Acknowledgments xxiii List of Contributors xxv 1 Introduction 1 Saura C. Sahu References 2 2 Environment, Epigenetics, and Diseases 5 Robert Y.S. Cheng and Wan-yee Tang 2.1 Perceptions of epigenetics 5 2.2 Environmental epigenetics and human diseases 8 2.3 Implications of environmental epigenetics and future prospects 16 2.4 Key questions to be answered 17 Acknowledgments 17 References 17 3 DNA Methylation and Toxicogenomics 25 Deepti Deobagkar 3.1 Introduction 25 3.2 Toxicology 26 3.3 Toxicogenomics 27 3.4 Epigenetics 29 3.5 DNA methylation 30 3.6 DNA methyltransferases 34 3.7 DNA methylation is alteres upon exposure to chemicals and toxins 35 3.8 Toxicogenomics and epigenetics 40 3.9 Hydroxymethyl cytosine and toxicogenomics 42 3.10 MicroRNAs 42 3.11 DNA methylation in cancer 42 3.12 Bioinformatics approach 44 3.13 Summary 45 Acknowledgments 46 Refere...

List of contents

Preface xxi

Acknowledgments xxiii

List of Contributors xxv

1 Introduction 1
Saura C. Sahu

References 2

2 Environment, Epigenetics, and Diseases 5
Robert Y.S. Cheng and Wan-yee Tang

2.1 Perceptions of epigenetics 5

2.2 Environmental epigenetics and human diseases 8

2.3 Implications of environmental epigenetics and futureprospects 16

2.4 Key questions to be answered 17

Acknowledgments 17

References 17

3 DNA Methylation and Toxicogenomics 25
Deepti Deobagkar

3.1 Introduction 25

3.2 Toxicology 26

3.3 Toxicogenomics 27

3.4 Epigenetics 29

3.5 DNA methylation 30

3.6 DNA methyltransferases 34

3.7 DNA methylation is alteres upon exposure to chemicals andtoxins 35

3.8 Toxicogenomics and epigenetics 40

3.9 Hydroxymethyl cytosine and toxicogenomics 42

3.10 MicroRNAs 42

3.11 DNA methylation in cancer 42

3.12 Bioinformatics approach 44

3.13 Summary 45

Acknowledgments 46

References 46

4 Chromatin at the Intersection of Disease and Therapy51
Delphine Qu é net, Marcin Walkiewicz, and YaminiDalal

4.1 Epigenetic marks on chromatin: a complex pathway with highflexibility 51

4.2 Epigenetic approaches to treatment of cancer 55

4.3 Epigenetic modifications and potential therapy in otherdiseases 60

4.4 Conclusion 66

References 66

5 Molecular Epigenetic Changes Caused by EnvironmentalPollutants 73
Solange S. Lewis, Gregory J. Weber, Jennifer L. Freeman,and Maria S. Sepú;lveda

5.1 Introduction 73

5.2 Mechanisms of molecular epigenetic changes 74

5.3 Epigenetic assays 76

5.4 Epigenetic changes induced by organic chemicals 78

5.5 Epigenetic changes induced by metals 90

5.6 Concluding remarks 101

References 102

6 Epigenetic Mediation of Environmental Exposures toPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons 111
Bekim Sadikovic and David I. Rodenhiser

6.1 Introduction 111

6.2 Epigenetic modifications: DNA methylation 112

6.3 DNA methylation and cancer 113

6.4 Epigenetic histone modifications 114

6.5 Benzo(a)pyrene - a prototype PAH and environmentalcarcinogen 115

6.6 Molecular mechanisms of benzopyrene carcinogenicity: geno-and epigeno-toxicity 115

6.7 Epigenetic effects of multiple/synergistic carcinogenexposures 120

6.8 Summary and future considerations 122

Acknowledgments 123

References 123

7 Epigenomic Actions of Environmental Arsenicals 129
Paul L. Severson and Bernard W. Futscher

7.1 Introduction 129

7.2 Arsenicals in relation to human health 130

7.3 Arsenical mechanisms of action 131

7.4 Models to study arsenical action 133

7.5 Models used to study epigenetic action 134

7.6 Epigenetic effects of arsenicals 135

7.7 Perspectives 140

References 141

8 Arsenic-Induced Changes to the Epigenome 149
Kathryn A. Bailey and Rebecca C. Fry

8.1 Introduction 149

8.2 Arsenic exposure and DNA methylation 152

8.3 DNA methylation changes associated with arsenic exposure154

8.4 Histone modifications associated with arsenic exposure173

8.5 MicroRNA (miRNA) alterations associated with arsenicexposure 180

8.6 Conclusions and future directions 182

Acknowledgments 183

References 183

9 Environmental Epigenetics, Asthma, and Allergy: OurEnvironment's Molecular Footprints 191
Stephanie Lovinsky-Desir and Rachel L. Miller

9.1 Introduction 191

9.2 Asthma environmental toxicants associated with epigeneticregulation 193

9.3 Epigenetic changes and asthma phenotype 197

9.4 'Pharmacoepigenetics' 200

9.5 Conclusion 200

References 201

10 miRNAs in Human Prostate Cancer 205
Ernest K. Amankwah and Jong Y. Park

10.1 Introduction 205

10.2 Biogenesis, function, and target of miRNA 206

10.3 miRNA and human cancer 208

10.4 miRNAs as oncogenes and tumor suppressors 209

10.5 Expression profile of miRNA in prostate cancer 210

10.6 miRNA as therapeutic targets for prostate cancer 213

10.7 Conclusion and future directions 213

References 213

Report

"Despite some of the issues with the structure, Toxicologyand Epigenetics is an important, timely book that providesworld-class, expert opinion on a broad range of topics in a fastmoving highly relevant branch of toxicology." ( British Toxicology Society , 1 July 2013)

Product details

• Authors: Saura C. (From Genomics to in Vitro and in V Sahu
• Assisted by: Saura C Sahu (Editor), Saura C. Sahu (Editor), Saura C. (From Genomics to In Vitro and In Vivo Models) Sahu (Editor), Sahu Saura C. (Editor)
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 14.09.2012
• EAN: 9781119976097
• ISBN: 978-1-119-97609-7
• No. of pages: 688
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Chemistry > Miscellaneous; Chemie, Toxikologie, Epigenetik, Molekulargenetik, Life Sciences, Biowissenschaften, chemistry, Biochemie u. Chemische Biologie, Biochemistry (Chemical Biology), Toxicology, Molecular Genetics