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Potentially Malignant Oral Disorders (PMODS) represent a group of conditions of the oral mucosa that carry an increased risk of transformation into malignancy, most commonly oral squamous cell carcinoma. These lesions, including leukoplakia, erythroplakia, oral lichen planus, oral submucous fibrosis, and actinic cheilitis, often exhibit clinical and histopathological features that serve as early indicators of carcinogenic potential. Early detection and intervention are critical, as the progression to malignancy can be mitigated with appropriate clinical surveillance and management. This abstract provides an overview of the aetiology, risk factors, diagnostic approaches, and current therapeutic strategies associated with PMODs. Emphasis is placed on the role of biopsy and histopathological grading of epithelial dysplasia, as well as lifestyle modifications, such as tobacco and alcohol cessation, which are pivotal in reducing disease progression. A multidisciplinary approach, involving dental professionals, pathologists, and oncologists, is essential for optimal patient outcomes.
