Read more
Informationen zum Autor The CENTER FOR CHEMICAL PROCESS SAFETY (CCPS), an industry technology alliance of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), has been a world leader in developing and disseminatinginformation on process safety management and technology since 1985. CCPS has published over 80 books in its process safety guidelines and process safety concepts series. For more information, visit www.ccpsonline.org. Klappentext A HANDS-ON MANUAL FOR THE SAFETY AND DESIGN OF COMPLEX PROCESS VENTING SYSTEMS Process vent header collection systems are subject to continually varying compositions and flow rates and thus present significant challenges for safe design. Due to increasingly demanding safety, health, environmental, and property protection requirements, today's industrial designers are faced with the need to create increasingly complex systems for more effective treatment, dispersal, or disposal of process gases. Safe Design and Operation of Process Vents and Emission Control Systems provides cutting-edgeguidance for the design, evaluation, and operation of these systems, with emphasis on: Preventing fires, explosions, and toxic releases Maintaining safe vent conditions Understanding normal process operations, such as intentional routine controlled venting and emergency operations, like overpressure relief Mitigating the impacts of end-of-line treatment devices, such as scrubbers, flares, and thermal oxidizers, on the vent header system Complying with regulations Written by a team of process safety experts from the chemical, pharmaceutical, and petroleum industries, the book includes a wealth of real-world examples and a thorough overview of the tools and methods used in the profession. Zusammenfassung This book describes design strategies that address flammability! explosive! and toxic hazards specific to process vent headers used for normal! emergency! and combined service. Inhaltsverzeichnis Preface. Acknowledgment. 1. Introduction. 1.1 Objective. 1.2 Relationship to Other CCPS Publications. 1.3 Industries and Operations Covered. 1.4 Intended Audience. 1.5 How to Use this Book. 1.6 References. 2. Management Overview. 2.1 Impact on Vent Header Systems. 3. Normal Process and Emergency Systems. 3.1 Types of Vent Header Systems. 3.1.1 Normal Process Vent Header Systems. 3.1.2 Emergency Vent Header Systems. 3.1.3 Combined Vent Header Systems. 3.1.4 Considerations. 3.2 Design Philosophy. 3.2.1 Design Sequence. 3.2.2 Hazards Associated with Combining Vent Streams. 3.2.3 Inherent Safety. 3.2.4 Flammability and Combustibility. 3.2.5 Toxicity. 3.2.6 Reactivity. 3.2.7 Regulatory Issues. 3.3 Reference. 4. Combustion and Flammability. 4.1 Flammable Limits. 4.1.1 Mixture Stoichiometry. 4.1.2 Factors Influencing Flammable Limits. 4.1.3 Flammable Limit Variability. 4.1.4 Effects of Temperature on Flammable Limits. 4.1.5 Effects of Pressure on Flammable Limits. 4.1.6 Flammable Limits of Combined Gas Streams. 4.1.7 Cool Flame. 4.1.8 Hybrid Mixtures. 4.2 Limiting Oxidant Concentration. 4.3 Deflagrations. 4.4 Pressure Piling. 4.5 Detonation Phenomena. 4.5.1 Deflagration to Detonation Transition (DDT) and Run-Up Distance. 4.5.2 Overdriven and Stable Detonations. 4.5.3 Detonation Cell Size. 4.6 References. 5. Understanding Requirements. 5.1 Understanding the Sources. 5.1.1 Identify Vent Sources. 5.1.2 Identify Normal Process Vent Streams. 5.1.3 Normal Process Vent System, Design Case Scenario. 5.1.4 Define Interface Requirements. 5.1.5 Identify Hazard Scenarios That Could Result in Emergency Venting. 5.1.6 Vent Gas Characteristics for Emergency Venting. 5.1.7 Emergency Venting Design Case Scenario. 5.1.8 Liquid Entrainment or Condensation in Normal Process Vent Headers. 5.1.9 Two-Phase Venting. 5.1.10 Flammable Gases and Vapors. 5.1.11 Toxic a...
