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Materials and Processes Used in Aircraft Construction focuses on issues involving the use of plastics in the aerospace industry. A detailed discussion of their various applications is included, along with the innovations presented in the literature over the past decade.
A wide range of important topics are discussed in the 13 chapters. Following a brief presentation of the evolution of aircraft design, aircraft design standards, and the simulation of aircraft models, individual chapters focus on:
- The basic and special materials used in aircraft construction;
- Lightweight materials for aircraft applications;
- Polymers used in the aerospace industry;
- Laminated materials used in the aerospace industry;
- Wing, helicopter, and balloon designs;
- Issues concerning the monitoring and management of the health of flight crews and passengers;
- The benefit of information acquired in real time, leading to an increased understanding of the fracture mechanics of composites, improving confidence in their use, and broadening their applications. Since the cost of inspecting aircraft is approximately one-third of the cost of acquiring and operating composite structures, to compete in the increasingly demanding area of aircraft structures, the cost-effective techniques that need to be developed are discussed.
Audience This book will serve the needs of those working in the aerospace industry, both those with only a passing knowledge of the field and specialists who need to increase their knowledge of any particular area.
List of contents
Preface xi
1 Evolution of Aircraft Design 1 1.1 Unmanned Air Systems 2
1.2 Morphing Aircraft 4
1.3 Special Materials 5
2 Standards 9 2.1 ASTM Standards 9
2.2 ASTM Aircraft Standards 9
2.3 Examples of Usage 16
3 Simulation of Aircraft Models 29 3.1 Types of Requirements 29
3.2 Aircraft Simulation 29
3.3 Simulation of Exhaust Gases 30
3.4 Vertical Take-off and Landing 30
3.5 High-Lift Aerodynamics 32
3.6 Magnetic Field Modeling 32
3.7 Software Bugs in Aircraft Systems 35
3.8 Drones 36
4 Laminates Used in the Aerospace Industry 43 4.1 Fiber Laminates 43
4.2 Metals 44
4.3 Metal Laminates 44
4.4 Ceramics 46
5 Basic Materials Used in Aircraft Construction 69 5.1 Exposure Control Systems 69
5.2 Composite Materials 70
5.3 Composite Materials for Aircraft Applications 72
5.4 Ionic Liquid Monomers 83
5.5 Thermosetting Monomers 88
5.6 Health Systems 88
5.7 Heating Elements 89
5.8 Superhydrophobic Coating Solutions for Deicing Control 95
5.9 Electrically Conductive Materials 96
5.10 Shear-Deformable Aircraft Wings 101
6 Special Materials Used in Aircraft Compositions 111 6.1 Composite Materials 111
6.2 Applications of MMCs in Aircraft 126
7 Polymers Used in the Aerospace Industry 133 7.1 Safety of Polymer Composite Materials 133
7.2 Epoxy Composites 134
7.3 Self-Healing Polymers 134
7.4 Recent Advances in Materials 135
7.5 Modern Progress in Aerospace Materials 159
7.6 Electrospun Materials 159
7.7 Nanocomposites 165
7.8 Smart Sensing 167
7.9 Space Radiation Protection 168
8 Aircraft Systems 185 8.1 Safety Aircraft Flight Systems 185
8.2 Stealth Aircraft 192
8.3 Aircraft Pylons 194
8.4 Composite Materials 197
8.5 Rain Erosion Boot 198
9 Wing Design 205 9.1 Test Methods for Wings 205
9.2 Composite Materials 209
9.3 Renewable Materials 217
9.4 Flight Regime Recognition 224
10 Helicopter Design 231 10.1 Aeroelastic Analysis 231
10.2 Protection of Aerospace Materials 232
10.3 Coating Design 233
10.4 Composite Material of Helicopter Tail Fin 233
10.5 Automatic Planning of Materials 234
10.6 Anomaly Detection 235
10.7 Production Processes 237
10.8 Helicopter Accidents 238
11 Balloon Design 243 11.1 Micro-Foamed Polymers 243
11.2 Super-Pressure Balloons 244
11.3 Digital Fabrication 244
11.4 Scientific Balloon Materials 246
11.5 Helium Balloons 249
12 Health Monitoring and Management 255 12.1 Health Monitoring 255
12.2 Contaminated Air and Fume Events 257
12.3 Aircraft Noise 261
12.4 Wireless Instruments 262
13 Lightweight Materials for Aircraft Applications 267 13.1 Lightweight Material Applications 267
13.2 Lightweight Composites 275
References 277
Index 281 Acronyms 281
Chemicals 285
General Index 287
About the author
Johannes Karl Fink is Professor of Macromolecular Chemistry at Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria. His industry and academic career spans more than 30 years in the fields of polymers, and his research interests include characterization, flame retardancy, thermodynamics and the degradation of polymers, pyrolysis, and adhesives. Professor Fink has published 26 books with the Wiley-Scrivener imprint on physical chemistry and polymer science including
A Concise Introduction to Additives for Thermoplastic Polymers (2009),
The Chemistry of Biobased Polymers, 2nd Edition (2019),
The Chemistry of Environmental Engineering (2020), and
Future Trends in Modern Plastics (2024).
