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Informationen zum Autor WILLIAM M. OWEN JR. is an Optical Navigation engineer at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, USA. He has been a member of the technical staff at Jet Propulsion Laboratory since 1979 and has been semi-retired since 2010. He received his PhD in 1990 and is a past member of Division A Fundamental Astronomy, Division F Planetary Systems and Astrobiology, and more. Klappentext UNIQUE RESOURCE EXPLORING HOW SPACECRAFT IMAGERY PROVIDES PROFESSIONALS WITH ACCURATE ESTIMATES OF SPACECRAFT TRAJECTORY, WITH REAL-WORLD EXAMPLES AND DETAILED ILLUSTRATIONS Spacecraft Optical Navigation provides detailed information on the planning and analysis of spacecraft imagery to help determine the trajectory of a spacecraft. The author, an experienced engineer within the field, addresses the entirety of celestial targets and explains how a spacecraft captures their imagery. Aimed at professionals within spacecraft navigation, this book provides an extensive introduction and explains the history of optical navigation, reviewing a range of optical methods and presents real world examples throughout. With the use of mathematics, this book discusses everything from the orbits, sizes, and shapes of the bodies being imaged, to the location and properties of salient features on their surfaces. Specific sample topics covered in Spacecraft Optical Navigation include: History of various past spacecraft, including Mariner and Viking, Voyager, Galileo, NEAR Shoemaker, and Cassini, and flight hardware, star catalogs, and stereophotoclinometryCameras, covering the gnomonic projection (and deviations from it), creation of a digital picture, picture flattening, and readout smearsModeling optical navigation observables, covering apparent directions to an object, star, and limbs or terminators, and orientation of camerasObtaining optical navigation observables, covering centerfinding for stars and resolved and unresolved bodies, and using opnav data in orbit determination Spacecraft Optical Navigation is an ideal resource for engineers working in spacecraft navigation and optical navigation, to update their knowledge of the technology and use it in their day-to-day. The text will also benefit researchers working with spacecraft, particularly in navigation, and professors and lecturers teaching graduate aerospace courses. Inhaltsverzeichnis List of Figures ix Preface xi Acknowledgement xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Purpose 1 1.2 Definitions 1 1.3 Notation 2 1.4 Rotations 2 1.5 Left-handed Coordinate Systems 7 2 History 9 2.1 The Early Years: Mariner and Viking 10 2.1.1 Mariner 9 12 2.1.2 Viking 12 2.2 Coming of Age: Voyager 13 2.3 Innovation and Workarounds: Galileo 15 2.4 Landmarks: NEAR Shoemaker 18 2.5 Maturity: Cassini 20 2.6 Autonomy: Deep Space 1, Stardust, Deep Impact 21 2.6.1 Deep Space 1 22 2.6.2 Stardust 23 2.6.3 Deep Impact 23 2.7 Flight Hardware 24 2.8 Development of Enabling Technologies 24 2.8.1 Computers 24 2.8.2 Detectors 25 2.9 Star Catalogs 26 2.10 Stereophotoclinometry 27 2.11 Future Missions 27 2.12 Optical Navigation Outside JPL 28 2.13 Summary 28 3 Cameras 29 3.1 The Gnomonic Projection 30 3.2 Deviations from the Gnomonic Projection 31 3.2.1 Optical Aberrations 31 3.2.2 Keystone or "Tip/Tilt" Distortion 32 3.3 The Creation of a Digital Picture 32 3.3.1 Vidicon Detectors 33 3.3.2 CCD Detectors 34 3.3.3 Active Pixel Sensors 35 3.4 Picture Flattening 35 3.5 Readout Smear 37 4 Modeling Optical Navigation Observables 43 4.1 Introduction 43 4.2 The Apparent Direction to an Object 44 4.3 The Apparen...
