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In a historical retrospective of the formation of the State, we seek in this work to trace the origins and importance of the fundamental right to proficient government - or administrative probity, a contemporary expression - for democracy and citizenship, fundamental elements of the Rule of Law. Adopting the figure of a historical axis, we trace the evolution of the state chronologically, observing its most important political aspects from the historical perspective of Europe - and also the Near East - as this is considered to be the forerunner of Western civilisations. Thus, we realise that as early as the Ancient Ages, there was an expectation on the part of the subjects that the sovereign - considered to be a god or representative of the gods - would govern in a proficient manner. With the historical affirmation of human rights, this expectation is recognised as a value of the state and rises to the status of a right, becoming enshrined in most legal systems as a principle. Having passed the stage of positivising the right to administrative probity or a proverbial government, we are concerned with the issue of making the defence of this fundamental diffuse right effective, both in the material and procedural fields.
About the author
Maîtrise en droits fondamentaux de l'homme du Centre universitaire de la Fondation de l'Institut pédagogique Osasco ; troisième cycle en droit civil des affaires et en procédure civile de la faculté de droit Damásio de Jesus et licence en droit du Centre universitaire des Facultés métropolitaines unies. Professeur d'enseignement supérieur à l'UNIMEP et à l'UNINOVE.
