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Sea urchins and other echinoderms, which have been studied intensively by developmental biologists for more than a century, are currently among the most prominent models for elucidating the genomic regulatory processes that control embryogenesis and the evolution of those processes. This volume contains reviews from the world's leading researchers who are using echinoderms to address these questions. Chapters focus on gene regulatory networks that drive the differentiation and morphogenesis of major embryonic tissues such as the skeleton, muscle, nervous system, immune system, pigment cells, and germ line, and on evolutionary insights from comparative studies of these networks across echinoderms and other taxa. Other chapters comprehensively review the architecture and evolution of the cell signaling pathways that establish the early embryonic axes and on recent evolutionary changes in gene networks that have led to dramatic changes in the life history modes of echinoderms. This volume provides a comprehensive, current picture of exciting research at the interface between developmental genomics and evolution from one of the research communities leading this work.
List of contents
1. Perspectives on divergence of early developmental regulatory pathways: Insight from the evolution of echinoderm double negative gate
Nina Levin, Shumpei Yamakawa, Yoshiaki Morino, and Hiroshi Wada
2. Development of a larval nervous system in the sea urchin
David R. McClay
3. Post-transcriptional regulation of factors important for the germ line
Nathalie Oulhen, Shumpei Morita, and Gary M. Wessel
4. Extreme phenotypic divergence and the evolution of development
Gregory A. Wray
5. Lessons from a transcription factor: Alx1 provides insights into gene regulatory networks, cellular reprogramming, and cell type evolution
Charles A. Ettensohn, Jennifer Guerrero-Santoro, and Jian Ming Khor
6. Pigment cells: Paragons of cellular development
Robert D. Burke
7. Dorsal-ventral axis formation in sea urchin embryos
Yi-Hsien Su
8. Micromere formation and its evolutionary implications in the sea urchin
Natsuko Emura and Mamiko Yajima
