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Dr. Zachary Selden provides a detailed examination of how sanctions can and cannot be used effectively to further U.S. foreign interests. In the post-Cold War era, sanctions are becoming a frequently used tool of foreign policy, but Selden offers an important cautionary note. Sanctions are often counterproductive, and they create interest groups within the target country who have a vested interest in seeing that sanctions and the policies that brought them to bear are maintained. While sanctions aimed at capital flows can be highly effective, those aimed at trade often become the functional equivalent of a protective tariff, stimulating Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) and creating groups of producers or suppliers who take steps in the political arena to ensure that their economic windfall is maintained.
After demonstrating the ISI effects in a large sample of cases, Selden goes on to demonstrate how sanctions fueled the rise of a powerful criminal elite in Yugoslavia who sponsored extreme nationalist political figures and how sanctions were twisted to Saddam Hussein's personal benefit in Iraq. More than simply of academic interest, this study serves as a guide for the more effective use of sanctions. It will be of particular interest to scholars, researchers, and policy makers involved with American foreign and military policy.
List of contents
Economic Sanctions in American Foreign Policy
Disaggregating the Effects of Economic Sanctions
The American Blockade of Great Britain 1807-1811
Sanctions Against Yugoslavia
Sanctions Against Iraq
The Future of Sanctions
Appendices
Bibliography
Index
About the author
ZACHARY SELDEN is Research Director for Emerging Threats at Business Executives for National Security in Washington D.C., where he focuses on controlling the spread of weapons of mass destruction. He is the co-author of
Foreign Policy Failure in the White House: Reappraising the Fall of the Shah and the Iran-Contra Affair (1993).
