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Bookman takes a detailed look at the goals and motivations of high-income middle-aged women who want to enter the labor force after having spent most of their adult lives tending their homes, raising children, and volunteering in the community. The book examines the supply of their labor, their incentives, their motivations, and the fears they face as they evaluate their future options. Bookman also discusses the demand for their skills by reviewing the opportunities available to them in the labor market and detailing what they can realistically aspire to and what obstacles they are likely to encounter. By describing the changes in the workplace that are likely to affect middle-aged women, the book offers a compelling labor market study with regard to this unique group of workers.
Bookman makes four major contributions to the literature on women's studies issues in her book. First, she focuses on middle age by addressing the needs and concerns of this booming age bracket. Second, she introduces the concept of the Third Career, in which women want to be employed but not in a demanding or stressful career. Instead, they prefer part-time work or work with greater flexibility, and they are willing to sacrifice income in order to achieve these objectives. Third, the book uses the concepts of shadow skills and human capital to describe the demand for middle-aged female labor. Finally, the book analyzes the possible economic losses and gains to society when middle-aged women enter the labor force, concluding that the net contribution to the economy is positive.
List of contents
Preface
RealitiesThe Profile of Middle-Aged Women with Choices
Evolving Expectations of Women with Choices
IncentivesThe Transformation of Aspirations
The Redefinition of Leisure
The Reevaluation of Volunteer Work
ConditionsWomen in the Labor Force: Changes in Who, What, When, Why, and How
The Accommodating Work Environment
CapacitiesAdvantages to Be Harnessed: Human Capital and Shadow Skills
Obstacles to Be Overcome: Inertia, Discrimination, and More
BenefitsSocial Benefits: The Economic Contribution of Women with Choices
Individual Benefits: Personal Fulfillment and Goal Achievement
Appendices
Bibliography
About the author
MILICA Z. BOOKMAN is professor of economics at St. Joseph's University in Philadelphia. She was educated at Brown University, the London School of Economics, and Temple University. She is the author of five books on economics as well as numerous articles.
