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What are the origins of the imagery and designs on common jewelry and portable artwork between late antiquity and the Middle Ages? These dynamic centuries encompass the transformation of the Greco-Roman world into the nascent kingdoms and medieval states upon which most modern European nations are based. The choices of jewelry and other forms of personal expression among the lower classes in ancient times is notoriously difficult to contextualize for a number of reasons. Nonetheless, these precious articles were expressions of individual identity as well as signifiers of rites of passage. As such, they reflect not only the people who wore them, but also the social milieu and artistic trends at that moment in time.
This new study assists in identifying the types, origins and routes of transmission of personal artwork, particularly finger rings, across Europe and Byzantium, an area of study that has been neglected in previous works. Some of this material represents the first time relevant research from Central and Eastern Europe has been translated and made available to the general reader in the English-speaking world.
List of contents
Table of ContentsAcknowledgments
Preface
Introduction
Part I: Late Antiquity and the Migration Period
The Dark Ages
Hannibal ad Portas: the Barbarian Onslaught
Part II: The Diffusion of Jewelry Designs Since Late Antiquity
Part III: Difficulties in Dating and Identification
Part IV: Medieval Societies of Western Europe
Frankish and Germanic Kingdoms
Frankish Tribes
Germanic Tribes
Frankish and Germanic Ring Types
Scandinavian and Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms
Part V: Influences from Asiatic Cultures
Trade Routes Between Europe and Asia
Ancient Cultures of the Eurasian Steppe
Asiatic Origin of Certain Zoomorphic Motifs
"Saltovo" and Related Types from the Steppe
Kievan Rus and Kipchak Khanate
Part VI: The Roads Less Traveled: Central and Eastern Europe
Medieval and Modern States
The Successor States of the Former Yugoslavia
Notable Medieval Cultures
Part VII: Common Ring Types from Central and Eastern Europe
Religious Rings
Magical/Apotropaic and Geometrical Symbols
Ring and Dot Patterns
Heraldic and Pseudo-Heraldic Rings
Heater Shield, Flame and Heart-Shaped Designs
Fleur-de-lis
Portcullis and Similar Cross-Hatched Patterns
Star and Crescent
Sword and Arm
Avian and Zoomorphic Motifs
Architectural, Crowns and Similar Designs
Monograms, Merchant's Marks and Personal Seals
Quatrefoil, Rosette and Similar Decorative Motifs
Plain Hoop and Twisted Wire Designs
Cast Types with Faux Gemstones
Part VIII: Anthropomorphic Rings from Central and Eastern Europe
Part IX: Slavic Stolovat and Similar Jewelry Types
Part X: Common Signet Ring Configurations
Part XI: Star and Floral Patterns
Glossary
Chapter Notes
Bibliography
Index
About the author
T.N. Pollio is a researcher and historian who lives in East Haven, Connecticut.