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"Meditations" by Marcus Aurelius is a series of personal writings by the Roman Emperor, created as a source of his own guidance and self-improvement. Written in Greek while he was on military campaigns between 170 and 180 AD, these reflections offer a deep insight into his Stoic philosophy and are organized into twelve books. In "Meditations," Marcus Aurelius explores themes such as the nature of the universe, the impermanence of life, the value of reason, and the importance of virtue. He emphasizes the importance of rationality, self-discipline, and inner peace, urging readers to live in accordance with nature and reason, accept events beyond their control, and maintain a sense of duty and responsibility. The work is celebrated for its profound wisdom, practicality, and timeless relevance, making it a cornerstone of Stoic philosophy and a perennial source of inspiration for those seeking to live a thoughtful, meaningful life. "Meditations" remains a testament to the power of introspection and the pursuit of personal excellence.
About the author
Marcus Aurelius (121-180 ce)
Born on 26 April 121 ce, Marcus Aurelius Antoninus is considered one of the greatest figures in Stoic philosophy. He was born during the reign of the Roman emperor Hadrian, in an upper-class family, to the praetor Marcus Annius Verus and the heiress Domitia Calvilla. Marcus was later adopted by Antoninus Pius, who ascended the throne after Hadrian's death. In 161, after Antoninus Pius died, Marcus succeeded him along with Lucius Verus, his adopted brother.
Marcus Aurelius's reign was marked by heavy military conflict with the Parthian Empire in Iran and the rebellious Kingdom of Armenia. Although he was successful in his military campaign against the Parthians, in the later years, Marcus suffered a number of setbacks. These included the Antonine Plague, which broke out around 165 ce, and the eventual death of his co-emperor Lucius Verus, as well as revolts from the eastern provinces.
A student of philosophy since his young days, Marcus sought wisdom in the philosophical teachings of the 1st-century Stoic thinker, Epictetus. In his later years, he recorded private notes and ideas on Stoic philosophy, which eventually came to be known as Meditations. Considered the last emperor of the Pax Romana, Marcus Aurelius passed away in 180 ce.
