Fr. 119.00

A History of World Societies, Volume 2

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Long praised by instructors and students for its accessible regional chapter structure, readability, and sustained attention to social history, the Twelfth Edition of A History of World Societies includes even more features and tools to engage todays students and save instructors time. This edition includes more help with historical thinking skills, an expanded primary source program in print and online, and the best and latest scholarship throughout.
Achieve helps you do more than you can with print alone. Available on its own or packaged with the book at a steep discount, the Achieve platform is ready to use as is, or can be edited and customized with your own material and assigned right away. Developed with extensive feedback from history instructors and students, Achieve includes the complete, full color narrative e-textbook, as well as abundant primary documents, maps, images, assignments, tutorials, and activities. The aims of key learning outcomes are addressed via formative and summative assessment, short answer and essay questions, multiple choice quizzing, and LearningCurve, an adaptive learning tool designed to get students to read before they come to class. Available with training and support, Achieve can help you take your teaching to a new level.



List of contents










The Combined Volume includes all chapters.
Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-16.
Volume 2 includes Chapters 16-33.
Preface
Versions and Supplements
Maps, Figures, and Tables
Special Features


16
The Acceleration of Global Contact
1450-1600

The Afro-Eurasian Trade World
The Trade World of the Indian Ocean ¿ Peoples and Cultures of Southeast Asia ¿ Muslim Influences and African Trade ¿ Genoese and Venetian Middlemen

The European Voyages of Discovery
Causes of European Expansion ¿ Technology and the Rise of Exploration ¿ The Portuguese in Africa and Asia ¿ Spain's Voyages to the Americas ¿ Spain "Discovers" the Pacific ¿ Early Exploration by Northern European Powers

Conquest and Settlement
Spanish Conquest of the Aztec and Inca Empires ¿ Portuguese Brazil ¿ Colonial Administration ¿ Economic Exploitation of the Indigenous Population ¿ Patterns of Settlement

The Era of Global Contact
Population Loss and the Ecological Impacts of Contact ¿ Sugar and Early Transatlantic Slavery ¿ Spanish Silver and Its Economic Effects ¿ The Birth of the Global Economy

Changing Attitudes and Beliefs
Religious Conversion ¿ European Debates About Indigenous Peoples ¿ New Ideas About Race

Chapter Summary

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Primary Source Features
Analyze Written Evidence Columbus Describes His First Voyage
Analyze Visual Evidence Depictions of Africans in European Portraiture
Think Like a Historian Who Was Doña Marina?
Compare Viewpoints Aztec and Spanish Views on Christian Conversion in New Spain

Individuals in Society Catarina de San Juan, Former Slave and Popular Saint


17
The Islamic World Powers
1300-1800

The Islamic Empires: The Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals
Environmental Challenges ¿ The Expansion of the Ottoman Empire ¿ Land-Holding, Slavery and Imperial Administrations ¿ The Safavid Empire in Persia ¿ The Mughal Empire in India

Religious Developments
Religious Legitimacy and Orthodoxy ¿ Sufism ¿ Non-Muslims Under Muslim Rule

Cultural Flowering
The Arts ¿ City and Palace Building ¿ Gardens ¿ Intellectual Advances

New Patterns of Trade and European Penetration
New Forms of Consumption ¿ The Impact of Gunpowder ¿ European Trade in Asia and the Islamic Powers' Response ¿ From the British East India Company to the British Empire in India

Political Decline

Chapter Summary

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Primary Source Features
Analyze Written Evidence Katib Chelebi on Tobacco
Analyze Visual Evidence Coffee Drinking
Think Like a Historian Forced Relocation of Armenians to Persia
Compare Viewpoints Mughal and French Views on Priorities for Monarchs

Individuals in Society Hürrem, Concubine, Empress, and Counselor

18
European Power and Expansion
1500-1750

The Protestant and Catholic Reformations
The Protestant Reformation ¿ The Catholic Reformation ¿ Religious Violence

Seventeenth-Century Crisis and Rebuilding
The Social Order and Peasant Life ¿ Environmental, Economic, and Social Crisis ¿ The Thirty Years' War ¿ European Achievements in State-Building

Absolutist States in Western and Central Europe
Spain ¿ The Foundations of French Absolutism ¿ Louis XIV and Absolutism ¿ The Wars of Louis XIV ¿ The Absolutist Palace ¿ The Austrian Habsburgs

Alternatives to Absolutism
The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ¿ The Failure of Absolutism in England ¿ The Puritan Protectorate ¿ Constitutional Monarchy ¿ The Dutch Republic

Colonial Expansion and Empire
The Dutch Trading Empire ¿ Colonial Empires of England and France ¿ Mercantilism and Colonial Wars ¿ People Beyond Borders

The Russian Empire
Mongol Rule in Russia and the Rise of Moscow ¿ Building the Russian Empire ¿ Peter the Great and Russia's Turn to the West

Chapter Summary

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Primary Source Features
Analyze Written Evidence Peter the Great and Foreign Experts
Analyze Visual Evidence Genre Painting: Celebrating Daily Life
Think Like a Historian What Was Absolutism?
Compare Viewpoints Descriptions of Louis XIV of France and the Kangxi Emperor of China

Individuals in Society Glückel of Hameln, Mother and Businesswoman


19
New Worldviews and Ways of Life
1540-1790

The Scientific Revolution
The Muslim Contribution ¿ Scientific Thought to 1550 ¿ Astronomy and Physics ¿ Newton's Synthesis ¿ Natural History and Empire ¿ Magic and Alchemy

Important Changes in Scientific Thinking and Practice
The Methods of Science ¿ Medicine, the Body, and Chemistry ¿ Science and Religion ¿ Science and Society

The Rise and Spread of Enlightenment
The Early Enlightenment ¿ The Influence of the Philosophes ¿ Enlightenment Movements Across Europe

Key Issues of Enlightenment Debate
Global Contacts ¿ New Definitions of Race ¿ Women and the Enlightenment ¿ Enlightened Absolutism and Its Limits

Economic Change and the Atlantic World
Economic and Demographic Change ¿ The Atlantic Economy ¿ Urban Life and the Public Sphere ¿ Culture and Community in the Atlantic World ¿ The Atlantic Enlightenment

Chapter Summary

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Primary Source Features
Analyze Written Evidence Denis Diderot, "Supplement to Bougainville's Voyage"
Analyze Visual Evidence Frontispiece to De On the Structure of the Human Body
Think Like a Historian The Enlightenment Debate on Religious Tolerance
Compare Viewpoints Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Mary Wollstonecraft on Women's Nature

Individuals in Society Rebecca Protten, Mixed-Race Missionary


20
Africa and the World
1400-1800

West Africa in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries
The West Coast: Senegambia and Benin ¿ The Sudan: Songhai, Kanem-Bornu, and Hausaland ¿ Agriculture, Gender, and Marriage in West Africa ¿ Trade and Industry

Cross-Cultural Encounters Along the East African Coast
Muslim and European Incursions in Ethiopia, ca. 1500-1630 ¿ The Swahili City-States and the Arrival of the Portuguese, ca. 1500-1600

The African Slave Trade
The Institution of Slavery in Africa ¿ The Transatlantic Slave Trade ¿ Impact on African Societies

Chapter Summary

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Primary Source Features
Analyze Written Evidence Duarte Barbosa on the Swahili City-States
Analyze Visual Evidence Lamu Old Town, Lamu Island, Kenya
Think Like a Historian Perspectives on the African Slave Trade
Compare Viewpoints European Descriptions of Timbuktu and Jenne

Individuals in Society Olaudah Equiano, Slave to Abolitionist


21
Continuity and Change in East Asia
1400-1800

Ming China, 1368-1644
The Rise of Zhu Yuanzhang and the Founding of the Ming Dynasty ¿ Problems with the Imperial Institution ¿ The Mongols and the Great Wall ¿ The Examination Life ¿ Everyday Life in Ming China ¿ Ming Decline

The Manchus and Qing China, to 1800
The Rise of the Manchus ¿ Competent and Long-Lived Emperors ¿ Imperial Expansion

Japan's Middle Ages, ca. 1400-1600
Muromachi Culture ¿ Civil War ¿ The Victors: Nobunaga and Hideyoshi

The Tokugawa Shogunate, to 1800
Tokugawa Government ¿ Commercialization and the Growth of Towns ¿ The Life of the People in the Edo Period

Maritime Trade, Piracy, and the Entry of Europe into the Asian Maritime Sphere
Zheng He's Voyages ¿ Piracy and Japan's Overseas Adventures ¿ Europeans Enter the Scene ¿ Christian Missionaries ¿ Learning from the West ¿ The Shifting International Environment in the Eighteenth Century

Chapter Summary

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Primary Source Features
Analyze Written Evidence Control of Locusts
Analyze Visual Evience Interior View of a Kabuki Theater
Think Like a Historian Attention to Dress in Edo Japan
Compare Viewpoints Chinese and European Commentators on Urban Amusements

Individuals in Society Tan Yunxian, Woman Doctor

22
Revolutions in the Atlantic World
1775-1825

Background to Revolution
Social Change ¿ Demands for Liberty and Equality ¿ The Seven Years' War

The American Revolutionary Era, 1775-1789
The Origins of the Revolution ¿ Independence from Britain ¿ Framing the Constitution ¿ Limitations of Liberty and Equality

Revolution in France, 1789-1799
Breakdown of the Old Order ¿ The National Assembly ¿ Constitutional Monarchy ¿ The National Convention ¿ The Directory

Napoleon's Europe, 1799-1815
Napoleon's Rule of France ¿ Napoleon's Expansion in Europe ¿ The Grand Empire and Its End

The Haitian Revolution, 1791-1804
Revolutionary Aspirations in Saint-Domingue ¿ The Outbreak of Revolt ¿ The War of Haitian Independence

Revolutions in Latin America
The Origins of the Revolutions Against Colonial Powers ¿ Resistance, Rebellion, and Independence ¿ The Aftermath of Revolution in the Atlantic World

Chapter Summary

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Primary Source Features
Analyze Written Evidence Abigail Adams, "Remember the Ladies"
Analyze Visual Evidence Francisco Goya, The Third of May 1808
Think Like a Historian The Rights of Which Men?
Compare Viewpoints Declarations of Independence: The United States and Venezuela

Individuals in Society Vincent Ogé, Free Man of Color and Revolutionary


23
The Revolution in Energy and Industry
1760-1850

The Industrial Revolution in Britain
Why Britain? ¿ Technological Innovations and Early Factories ¿ Steam Power and the Energy Revolution ¿ Breakthrough ¿ Steam-Powered Transportation ¿ Industry and Population

Industrialization in Europe and the World
National and International Variations ¿ Industrialization in Continental Europe ¿ Agents of Industrialization ¿ The Global Picture

New Patterns of Working and Living
Work in Early Factories ¿ Working Families and Children ¿ The Sexual Division of Labor ¿ Living Standards for the Working Class ¿ Environmental Impacts of Industrialization

Relations Between Capital and Labor
The New Class of Factory Owners ¿ Responses to Industrialization ¿ The Early Labor Movement in Britain ¿ The Impact of Slavery

Chapter Summary

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Primary Source Features
Analyze Written Evidence The Experience of Child Labor
Analyze Visual Evidence Rain, Steam and Speed -- the Great Western Railway
Think Like a Historian Making the Industrialized Worker
Compare Viewpoints Indian Cotton Manufacturers

Individuals in Society Samuel Crompton, Inventor and Unsuccessful Entrepreneur


24
Ideologies of Change in Europe
1815-1914

A Conservative Peace Gives Way to Radical Ideas
The Political and Social Situation After 1815 ¿ Conservatism After 1815 ¿ Liberalism and the Middle Class ¿ The Growing Appeal of Nationalism ¿ The Birth of Socialism

Reforms and Revolutions, 1815-1850
Social and Economic Conflict ¿ Liberal Reform in Great Britain ¿ Revolutions in France ¿
The Revolutions of 1848 in Central Europe
Nation Building in Italy, Germany, and Russia
Cavour, Garibaldi, and the Unification of Italy ¿ Bismarck and German Unification ¿ The Modernization of Russia

Urban Life in the Age of Ideologies
Improving the Urban Environment ¿ Social Inequality and Class ¿ The Changing Family ¿ Science for the Masses ¿ Cultural Shifts

Nationalism and Socialism, 1871-1914
Trends in Suffrage ¿ The German Empire ¿ Republican France ¿ Great Britain and the Austro-Hungarian Empire ¿ Jewish Emancipation and Modern Anti-Semitism ¿ The Socialist Movement

Chapter Summary

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Primary Source Features
Analyze Written Evidence Stefan Zweig on Middle-Class Youth and Sexuality
Analyze Visual Evidence The Triumph of Democratic Republics
Think Like a Historian The Promise of Electricity
Compare Viewpoints German and Italian Views on Nationalism

Individuals in Society George Sand, Novelist Who Defied Gender Roles


25
Africa, the Ottoman Empire, and the New Imperialism
1800-1914

Africa: From the Slave Trade to European Colonial Rule
Trade and Social Change ¿ Islamic Revival and Expansion in Africa ¿ The Scramble for Africa, 1880-1914 ¿ Southern Africa in the Nineteenth Century ¿ Colonialism's Impact After 1900

The New Imperialism, 1880-1914
Causes of the New Imperialism ¿ A "Civilizing Mission" ¿ Critics of Imperialism ¿ African and Asian Resistance

The Islamic Heartland Under Pressure
Decline and Reform in the Ottoman Empire ¿ Egypt: From Reform to British Occupation ¿

The Expanding World Economy
The Rise of Global Inequality ¿ The World Market

The Great Global Migration

Chapter Summary

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Primary Source Features
Analyze Written Evidence A French Leader Defends Imperialism
Analyze Visual Evidence Pears' Soap Advertisement
Think Like a Historian African Views of the Scramble for Africa
Compare Viewpoints The Congo Free State

Individuals in Society Tippu Tip, Afro-Arab Slave Trader and Diplomat

26
Asia and the Pacific in the Era of Imperialism
1800-1914

India and the British Empire in Asia
The Evolution of British Rule ¿ The Socioeconomic Effects of British Rule ¿ The British and the Indian Educated Elite

Competition for Southeast Asia
The Dutch East Indies ¿ Mainland Southeast Asia ¿ The Philippines

China Under Pressure
The Opium War ¿ Internal Problems ¿ The Self-Strengthening Movement ¿ Republican Revolution

Japan's Rapid Transformation
The "Opening" of Japan ¿ The Meiji Restoration ¿ Industrialization ¿ Japan as an Imperial Power

The Pacific Region and the Movement of People
Settler Colonies in the Pacific: Australia and New Zealand ¿ Asian Emigration

The Countries of Asia in Comparative Perspective
The Impact of Foreign Domination ¿ Environmental and Economic Forces

Chapter Summary

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Primary Source Features
Analyze Written Evidence Fukuzawa Yukichi, "Escape from Asia"
Analyze Visual Evidence Japan's First Skyscraper
Think Like a Historian
English-Language Education for Indians
Compare Viewpoints Chinese and British Efforts to Reduce Infant Deaths

Individuals in Society José Rizal, Filipino Polymath and Revolutionary


27
The Americas in the Age of Liberalism
1810-1917

New Nations
Liberalism and Caudillos in Spanish America ¿ Mexico and the United States ¿ Liberal Reform in Mexico ¿ Brazil: A New World Monarchy

Slavery and Abolition
Slave Societies in the Americas ¿ Independence and Abolition ¿ Abolition in Cuba and Brazil

Export-Led Growth and Social Unrest
Latin America Re-enters the World Economy ¿ The Porfiriato and Liberal Stability in Mexico ¿ The Mexican Revolution

Immigration
Immigration to Latin America ¿ Immigration to the United States ¿ Immigration to Canada ¿ Settler Colonialism and its Impacts

A New American Empire
U.S. Intervention in Latin America ¿ The Spanish-American War ¿ The Panama Canal

Chapter Summary

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Primary Source Features
Analyze Written Evidence Reyita Castillo Bueno on Slavery and Freedom in Cuba
Analyze Visual Evidence Slaves Sold South from Richmond, 1853
Think Like a Historian The Abolition of Slavery in Brazil, from Above and Below
Compare Viewpoints Perspectives on the Mexican-American War

Individuals in Society Henry Meiggs, Promoter and Speculator


28
World War and Revolution
1914-1929

The First World War, 1914-1918
Origins and Causes of the Great War ¿ The Outbreak of War ¿ Stalemate and Slaughter ¿ The War Becomes Global

The Home Front
Mobilizing for Total War ¿ The Social Impact of War ¿ Growing Political Tensions

The Russian Revolution
The Fall of Imperial Russia ¿ The Provisional Government ¿ Lenin and the Bolshevik Revolution ¿ Dictatorship and Civil War

The War's Consequences
The End of the War ¿ The Paris Peace Treaties ¿ American Rejection of the Versailles Treaty

The Search for Peace and Political Stability, 1919-1929
Germany and the Western Powers ¿ Hope in Foreign Affairs ¿ Hope in Democratic Government

The Age of Anxiety
Uncertainty in Philosophy and Religion ¿ The New Physics ¿ Freudian Psychology ¿ Twentieth-Century Literature ¿ Modern Architecture, Art, and Music ¿ Movies and Radio

Chapter Summary

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Primary Source Features
Analyze Written Evidence The Experience of War
Analyze Visual Evidence "Never Forget!"
Think Like a Historian Russian Views of War and Revolution
Compare Viewpoints British and Canadian Poetry of the Great War

Individuals in Society Vera Brittain, Author, Feminist, Pacifist


29
Nationalism in Asia
1914-1939

The First World War's Impact on Nationalist Trends
Asian Reaction to the War in Europe ¿ The Mandates System ¿ Nationalism's Appeal

Nationalist Movements in the Middle East
The Arab Revolt ¿ The Turkish Revolution ¿ Modernization Efforts in Persia and Afghanistan ¿ Gradual Independence in the Arab States ¿ Arab-Jewish Tensions in Palestine

Toward Self-Rule in India
British Promises and Repression ¿ The Roots of Militant Nonviolence ¿ Gandhi's Resistance Campaign in India

Nationalist Struggles in East and Southeast Asia
The Rise of Nationalist China ¿ China's Intellectual Revolution ¿ From Liberalism to Ultranationalism in Japan ¿ Japan Against China ¿ Striving for Independence in Southeast Asia

Chapter Summary

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Primary Source Features
Analyze Written Evidence Resolution of the General Syrian Congress at Damascus
Analyze Visual Evidence The Fate of a Chinese Patriot
Think Like a Historian Interpreting the May Fourth Movement
Compare Viewpoints Gandhi and Mao on Revolutionary Means

Individuals in Society Ning Lao, a Chinese Working Woman

30
The Great Depression and World War II
1929-1945

The Great Depression, 1929-1939
The Economic Crisis ¿ Mass Unemployment ¿ The New Deal in the United States ¿ The European Response to the Depression ¿ Worldwide Effects

Authoritarian States
Conservative Authoritarianism ¿ Radical Totalitarian Dictatorships

Stalin's Soviet Union
From Lenin to Stalin ¿ The Five-Year Plans ¿ Life and Culture in Soviet Society ¿ Stalinist Terror and the Great Purges

Mussolini and Fascism in Italy
The Seizure of Power ¿ The Regime in Action

Hitler and Nazism in Germany
The Roots of Nazism ¿ Hitler's Road to Power ¿ The Nazi State and Society ¿ Hitler's Popularity ¿ Aggression and Appeasement, 1933-1939

The Second World War, 1939-1945
Hitler's Empire in Europe, 1939-1942 ¿ The Holocaust ¿ Japan's Asian Empire ¿ The Grand Alliance ¿ The War in Europe, 1942-1945 ¿ The War in the Pacific, 1942-1945

Chapter Summary

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Primary Source Features
Analyze Written Evidence Ultranationalist Pamphlet for Japanese Students
Analyze Visual Evidence
British Conservative Party Poster
Think Like a Historian Peasant Resistance to Stalin's Collectivization Plan
Compare Viewpoints Socialism and the Working Class

Individuals in Society Primo Levi, Writer and Holocaust Survivor

31
Decolonization, Revolution, and the Cold War
1945-1968

The World Remade
The Cold War ¿ The United Nations ¿ The Politics of Liberation ¿ Dependency and Development Theories ¿ Interpreting the Postcolonial Experience

Nation Building in South Asia and the Middle East
Independence in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh ¿ Arab Socialism in the Middle East ¿ The Arab-Israeli Conflict

Revolution and Resurgence in East and Southeast Asia
The Communist Victory in China ¿ Conflict in Korea ¿ Japan's American Reconstruction ¿ The Vietnam War

Decolonization in Africa
The Growth of African Nationalism ¿ Ghana Shows the Way ¿ Countries Emerging from French Rule

Populist and Revolutionary Pathways in Latin America
Economic Nationalism in Mexico ¿ Populism in Argentina and Brazil ¿ Communist Revolution in Cuba

The Limits of Postwar Prosperity
The Soviet Union Struggles to Move Beyond Stalin ¿ Postwar Challenges in Western Europe and the United States ¿ The World in 1968

Chapter Summary

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Primary Source Features
Analyze Written Evidence C. L. R. James on Pan-African Liberation
Analyze Visual Evidence Poster Art in Communist China
Think Like a Historian Global Perspectives on the Vietnam War
Compare Viewpoints U.S. and Latin American Views on Development

Individuals in Society Nawal El Saadawi, Public Health Advocate in Egypt

32
Liberalization and Liberation
1968-2000s

Oil Shocks and Liberalization
The OPEC Oil Embargo ¿ Mexico Under the PRI ¿ Nigeria, Africa's Giant ¿ The Camp David Accords and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict ¿ Revolution and War in Iran and Iraq

Latin America: Dictatorship, Debt, and Democratization
Civil Wars in Central America ¿ Boom and Bust in Chile ¿ The Dirty War in Argentina ¿ Development and Dictatorship in Brazil

Gender, Race and Liberation
Gay Liberation ¿ Second-Wave and Third World Feminism ¿ Pan-Africanism, Black Power and the African Diaspora

Resistance to White Rule in Southern Africa
Portuguese Decolonization and Rhodesia ¿ South Africa Under Apartheid ¿ Political Change in Africa Since 1990

Growth and Development in Asia
Japan's Economic Miracle and the Emergence of the "Asian Tigers" ¿ China's Economic Resurgence ¿ Development Versus Democracy in India and Pakistan

The End of the Cold War
The Limits of Reform in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe ¿ Recasting Russia Without Communism ¿ Integration and Reform in Europe

Chapter Summary

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Primary Source Features
Analyze Written Evidence A Member of China's Red Guards on Democratic Reform
Analyze Visual Evidence Tiananmen Square
Think Like a Historian The Struggle for Freedom in South Africa
Compare Viewpoints Women's Rights as Human Rights in Iran and the United States

Individuals in Society Anani Dzidzienvo, Scholar of the African Diaspora

33
The Contemporary World in Historical Perspective

The Neoliberal World and Its Limits
Al-Qaeda and Afghanistan ¿ Conflict and Change in the Middle East ¿ Right Wing Nationalism Re-emerges

Global Circulation and Exchange
Migration ¿ Urbanization ¿ Multinational Corporations

Social Movements

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