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The book presents an original synthesizing framework on the relations between 'the biological' and 'the social'. Within these relations, the late nineteenth-century emergence of social sciences aspiring to be constituted as autonomous, as 'scientific' disciplines, is described, analyzed and explained. Through this framework, the author points to conceptual and constructive commonalities conjoining significant founding figures - Lamarck, Spencer, Hughlings Jackson, Ribot, Durkheim, Freud - who were not grouped nor analyzed in this manner before. Thus, the book offers a rather unique synthesis of the interactions of the social, the mental, and the evolutionary biological - Spencerian Lamarckism and/or Neo-Lamarckism - crystallizing into novel fields. It adds substantially to the understanding of the complexities of evolutionary debates during the last quarter of the nineteenth century. It will attract the attention of a wide spectrum of specialists, academics, and postgraduates in European history of the nineteenth century, history and philosophy of science, and history of biology and of the social sciences, including psychology.
List of contents
Acknowledgements.- Introduction.- Chapter 1. Jean Baptiste Lamarck: La marche de la nature.- Chapter 2. Herbert Spencer: The tripartite model.- Chapter 3. Interlude: The cluster of plasticity and the impact of its transfer.- Chapter 4. John Hughlings Jackson: A clinical scientist.- Chapter 5. Théodule Armand Ribot: 'Scientific psychology' in France.- Chapter 6. Interlude: 'Hierarchy' in nineteenth century Spencerian Lamarckism / neo-Lamarckism and its transfer.- Chapter 7. David Émile Durkheim: Founding 'scientific sociology'.- Chapter 8. Sigmund Freud, a neo-Lamarckist - Short Coda.- Chapter 9. Interlude: 'Collectivity' in the nineteenth century between the biological and the social.- Concluding reflection.- Appendix: Concise biographical portraits.- Notes.- Index.
About the author
Snait B. Gissis has been teaching at the Cohn Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Ideas, Tel-Aviv University since early 1990s. For the last couple of decades, she has been working on the interactions between the social and the biological in three sub-fields: a) Lamarckism and the constitution of social sciences; b) Race and racism from eighteenth century until present-day genetics/genomics; c) Collectivities.
She has published in various journals and collections of history and philosophy of science, and particularly of the life sciences; she is the co-editor of two volumes published in The Vienna series in Theoretical Biology, MIT Press: Transformations of Lamarckism (With E. Jablonka) , and Landscapes of Collectivity in the Life Sciences (with E. Lamm and A. Shavit).
Report
"Book is an invaluable resource for anyone interested in the role that Lamarckism played for the construction of new scientific social disciplines and the interplay between their different model-organisms. Gissis successfully connects in-depth case studies of discipline founders with greater socio-historical movements and the overall impact of the deployment of the Lamarckian 'problématique' in the nineteenth century. ... this study could be considered a powerful starting point for historical and conceptual reflections of the recent generation of scholars ... ." (Tobias Cheung, History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences, Vol. 46 (4), 2024)
