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Agriculture is facing the challenge of the transition to sustainability under a changing climatic scenario. Understanding the complexity of the agroecosystems can favor research on innovative agronomic practices to guide this change. The optimization of the spatiotemporal combination among plants in farming systems (crop sequence and intercropping), the exploitation of the different forms of biodiversity at the soil and plant levels, the increase in the use efficiency of native resources (radiation and rainfall, N2, CO2, H2O, etc.), and the reduction in the dependence on external energy input (soil tillage, agrochemicals, and mineral fertilizers) represent the driving force behind this paradigmatic change. This approach will ensure the enhancement of the territorial vocation in productive and qualitative terms, whilst also promoting several ecosystem services from carbon sequestration to landscape ecology. The scientific community is called to take up this challenge. The present reprint is focused on the recent advancements in the broad scientific area of field crops in order to identify strategies and tactics calibrated site-by-site for eco-friendly and efficient agronomic management. This is a reprint of the closed Special Issue "Cropping Systems and Agronomic Management Practices of Field Crops" edited by Prof. Umberto Anastasi and Dr. Aurelio Scavo, which collected 37 research articles and 2 reviews related to the recent advancements in the wide scientific area of field crops.
