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During the Soviet period the USSR conducted diplomatic relations with incumbent regimes while simultaneously cultivating and manipulating communist movements in those same countries. The Chinese case offers a particularly interesting example of this dual policy, for when the Chinese Communists came to power in 1949, their discovery of the nature of Moscow's imperial designs on Chinese territory sowed distrust between the two revolutionary powers and paved the way to the Sino-Soviet split.Drawing on newly available documents from archives in China, Taiwan, Russia, and Japan, this study examines secret agreements signed by Moscow and the Peking government in 1924 and confirmed by a Soviet-Japanese convention in 1925. These agreements essentially allowed the Bolsheviks to reclaim most of tsarist Russia's concessions and privileges in China, including not only Imperial properties but also Outer Mongolia, the Chinese Eastern Railway, the Boxer Indemnity, and the right of extraterritoriality. Each of these topics is analyzed in this volume, and translations of the secret protocols themselves are included in a documentary appendix. Additional chapters discuss Sino-Soviet diplomacy and the parallel history of Soviet relations with the Chinese Communist Party as well as the origins and purpose of the United Front policy.
List of contents
The Diplomatic Situation Prior to 1919; The Chinese Delegation's Proposals; Wilson's Compromise Solution; The Versailles Treaty's Shantung Resolutions; The May Fourth Movement; The Versailles Treaty and Soviet Russia 1. The Opening of Sino-Soviet Diplomatic Negotiations 2. The Origins of the United Front Policy 3. Outer Mongolia Enters the Communist Bloc 4. Assertion of Soviet Control over the Chinese Eastern Railway 5. China's Revocation of the Boxer Indemnity 6. The Restoration of Russian Territorial Concessions 7. The Resumption of Russian Extraterritoriality 8. Soviet Foreign Policy and the Chinese Communist Party. Conclusions: Status Quo and Outer Mongolian Independence; Forming a Soviet-KMT Alliance; The Chiang-Stalin Secret Pact; Stalin Retakes the Chinese Eastern Railway; Soviet Territorial Concessions and Extraterritoriality
About the author
Bruce Elleman
Summary
A study of secret agreements signed by Moscow and the Peking Government in 1924 and confirmed by a Soviet-Japanese convention in 1925 which allowed the Bolsheviks to reclaim tsarist concessions in China including Outer Mongolia, the Chinese Eastern Railway, the Boxer Indemnity and the right of extraterritoriality.
