Polarization Measurement and Control in Optical Fiber Communication - and Sensor System

Polarization Measurement and Control in Optical Fiber Communication and Sensor Systems
 
A practical handbook covering polarization measurement and control in optical communication and sensor systems
 
In Polarization Measurement and Control in Optical Fiber Communication and Sensor Systems, the authors deliver a comprehensive exploration of polarization related phenomena, as well as the methodologies, techniques, and devices used to eliminate, mitigate, or compensate for polarization related problems and impairments. The book also discusses polarization-related parameter measurement and characterization technologies in optical fibers and fiber optic devices and the utilization of polarization to solve problems or enable new capabilities in communications, sensing, and measurement systems.
 
The authors provide a practical and hands-on treatment of the information that engineers, scientists, and graduate students must grasp to be successful in their everyday work. In addition to coverage of topics ranging from the use of polarization analysis to obtain instantaneous spectral information on light sources to the design of novel fiber optic gyroscopes for rotation sensing, Polarization Measurement and Control in Optical Fiber Communication and Sensor Systems offers:
* A thorough introduction to polarization in optical fiber studies, including a history of polarization in optical fiber communication and sensor systems
* Comprehensive discussions of the fundamentals of polarization, including the effects unique to optical fiber systems, as well as extensive coverage Jones and Mueller matrix calculus for polarization analysis
* In-depth treatments of active polarization controlling devices for optical fiber systems, including polarization controllers, scramblers, emulators, switches, and binary polarization state generators
* Fulsome explorations of passive polarization management devices, including polarizers, polarization beam splitters/displacers, wave-plates, Faraday rotators, and depolarizers
* Extensive review of polarization measurement techniques and devices, including time-division, amplitude-division, and wave-front division Stokes polarimeters, as well as various Mueller matrix polarimeters for PMD, PDL, and birefringence measurements
* Premiere of binary polarization state analyzers and binary Mueller matrix polarimeters pioneered by the authors, including their applications for highly sensitive PMD, PDL, and birefringence measurements
* Comprehensive discussion on distributed polarization analysis techniques developed by the authors, including their applications in solving real world problems
* Detailed descriptions of high accuracy polarimetric fiber optic electric current and magnetic field sensors
 
Perfect for professional engineers, scientists, and graduate students studying fiber optics, Polarization Measurement and Control in Optical Fiber Communication and Sensor Systems enables one to quickly grasp extensive knowledge and latest development of polarization in optical fibers and will earn a place in the libraries of professors and teachers of photonics and related disciplines.

List of contents

Chapter 1 History of Light and Polarization 2
 
1.1 Early history of light 2
 
1.2 History of polarization 4
 
1.3 History of polarization in optical fibers and waveguides 8
 
1.3.1 The history of optical fiber 8
 
1.3.2 History of polarization in optical fibers 11
 
1.3.3 Chronicles of polarization optics in optical fibers from 1959 to 1981 15
 
Reference 17
 
Bibliography 18
 
Chapter 2 Polarization Basics 19
 
2.1 Introduction to Polarization 19
 
2.2 The degenerate polarization states of light 20
 
2.3 The polarization ellipse of light 23
 
2.4 Poincaré Sphere presentation of polarization 27
 
2.5 Degree of polarization (DOP) 29
 
2.6 Birefringence 32
 
2.7 Photoelasticity or photo-elastic effect 34
 
2.8 Dichroism, diattenuation, and polarization dependent loss 34
 
2.9 Polarization properties of reflected and refracted light 35
 
Appendix 2A 36
 
Bibliography 37
 
Chapter 3 Polarization effects unique to optical fiber systems 39
 
3.1 Polarization variation in optical fibers 39
 
3.2 Polarization eigenmodes in a single mode optical fiber 40
 
3.3 Birefringence contributions in optical fibers 42
 
3.3.1 Noncircular Core 42
 
3.3.2 Internal lateral stress 44
 
3.3.3 External lateral stress 46
 
3.3.4 Fiber Bending 47
 
3.3.5 Fiber Twist 48
 
3.3.6 Electrical and Magnetic Fields 50
 
3.4 Polarization impairments in optical fiber systems 51
 
3.5 Polarization multiplexing 59
 
3.6 Polarization issues unique to optic fiber sensing system 60
 
3.7 Polarization issues unique to microwave photonics systems 61
 
References 62
 
Chapter 4 Mathematics for polarization analysis 66
 
4.1 Jones vector representation of monochramtic light 66
 
4.1.1 Jones vector 66
 
4.1.2 Mutual orthogonality of Jones vectors 69
 
4.1.3 Linear independence of Jones vectors 70
 
4.2 Jones matrix of optical devices 71
 
4.2.1 Jones Matrix of optical elements 72
 
4.2.2 Jones matrix of reflection 78
 
4.2.3 Polarization compensation of reflection 83
 
4.2.4 Polarization properties of corner-cube retroreflector 85
 
4.3 Jones matrix of multi-element optical systems 86
 
4.3.1 Jones equivalent theorems 86
 
4.3.2 Properties of the optical system containing only retarders and rotators 87
 
4.3.3 Eigenvector and eigenvalue of an optical system 90
 
4.3.3 Transmission properties of an optical system including partial polarizers 93
 
4.3.5 Experimental measurement of Jones matrix 97
 
4.4.6 Jones calculus in retracing optical path 99
 
4.3.7 N-matrix and polarization evolution 105
 
4.3.8 Jones matrix of twisted optical fiber 112
 
4.4 Mueller matrix representation of optical devices 117
 
4.4.1 Definition of Mueller matrix 117
 
4.4.2 Mueller matrix of optical elements 120
 
4.5 Polarization evolution in optical fiber 125
 
4.5.1 Rotation matrix representation of unitary optical systems 125
 
4.5.2 Infinitesimal rotation and rotation vector in optical fiber 128
 
4.5.3 Birefringence vector and polarization evolution along an optical fiber 132
 
4.5.4 PMD vector and polarization evolution with optical frequency 138
 
4.6 PMD measurement 143
 
4.6.1 Poincare sphere analysis 144
 
4.6.2 Mueller matrix method 147
 
4.6.4 Jones Matrix Eigenanalysis 149
 
4.7 Polarization properties of quasi-monochromatic Light 151
 
4.7.1 Coherenc

About the author

X. Steve Yao is the founder of PolaLight Consulting LLC in Las Vegas, Nevada and was the founder and Chief Technology Officer of General Photonics Corp. (now part of Luna Innovations), Chino, California, dedicated to the design and engineering of polarization control and measurement products for over 25 years. He is also the founding director of the Photonics Information Innovation Center at Hebei University (his alma mater) in China. With over 100 journal publications and 80 US patents, Dr. Yao is a Fellow of both IEEE and Optica, and holds a PhD degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Southern California, USA. Xiaojun (James) Chen is the founder and Chief Technology Officer of In-line Photonics Inc. in San Gabriel, California and was the Chief Scientist of General Photonics Corp. (now part of Luna Innovations), Chino, California, dedicated to the design and engineering of polarization control and measurement products for over 20 years. Dr. Chen holds a PhD degree in Condensed Matter Physics from Nankai University, China.

Product details

• Authors: Xiaojun (James) Chen, X Steve Yao, X. Steve Yao, X. Steve Chen Yao
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 27.10.2022
• EAN: 9781119758471
• ISBN: 978-1-119-75847-1
• No. of pages: 560
• Series: Wiley - IEEE; IEEE Press
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Technology > Electronics, electrical engineering, communications engineering; Signalverarbeitung, Polarisation, Signal Processing, Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Elektrotechnik u. Elektronik, Mikrowellen- u. Hochfrequenztechnik u. Theorie, RF / Microwave Theory & Techniques, Optische Nachrichtentechnik, Optical Communications, Glasfaseroptik