Read more
Cyber-Physical-Human Systems
A comprehensive edited volume exploring the latest in the interactions between cyber-physical systems and humans
In Cyber-Physical-Human Systems: Fundamentals and Applications, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a robust and up-to-date volume of contributions from leading researchers on Cyber-Physical-Human Systems, an emerging class of systems with increased interactions between cyber-physical, and human systems communicating with each other at various levels across space and time, so as to achieve desired performance related to human welfare, efficiency, and sustainability.
The editors have focused on papers that address the power of emerging CPHS disciplines, all of which feature humans as an active component during cyber and physical interactions. Articles that span fundamental concepts and methods to various applications in engineering sectors of transportation, robotics, and healthcare and general socio-technical systems such as smart cities are featured. Together, these articles address challenges and opportunities that arise due to the emerging interactions between cyber-physical systems and humans, allowing readers to appreciate the intersection of cyber-physical system research and human behavior in large-scale systems.
In the book, readers will also find:
* A thorough introduction to the fundamentals of cyber-physical-human systems
* In-depth discussions of cyber-physical-human systems with applications in transportation, robotics, and healthcare
* A comprehensive treatment of socio-technical systems, including social networks and smart cities
Perfect for cyber-physical systems researchers, academics, and graduate students, Cyber-Physical-Human Systems: Fundamentals and Applications will also earn a place in the libraries of research and development professionals working in industry and government agencies.
List of contents
A Note from the Series Editor xvii
About the Editors xviii
List of Contributors xix
Introduction xxvii
Part I Fundamental Concepts and Methods 1
1 Human-in-the-Loop Control and Cyber-Physical-Human Systems: Applications and Categorization 3
Tariq Samad
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Cyber + Physical + Human 4
1.2.1 Cyberphysical Systems 5
1.2.2 Physical-Human Systems 6
1.2.3 Cyber-Human Systems 6
1.3 Categorizing Human-in-the-Loop Control Systems 6
1.3.1 Human-in-the-Plant 8
1.3.2 Human-in-the-Controller 8
1.3.3 Human-Machine Control Symbiosis 10
1.3.4 Humans-in-Multiagent-Loops 11
1.4 A Roadmap for Human-in-the-Loop Control 13
1.4.1 Self- and Human-Driven Cars on Urban Roads 13
1.4.2 Climate Change Mitigation and Smart Grids 14
1.5 Discussion 15
1.5.1 Other Ways of Classifying Human-in-the-Loop Control 15
1.5.2 Modeling Human Understanding and Decision-Making 16
1.5.3 Ethics and CPHS 18
1.6 Conclusions 19
Acknowledgments 19
References 20
2 Human Behavioral Models Using Utility Theory and Prospect Theory 25
Anuradha M. Annaswamy and Vineet Jagadeesan Nair
2.1 Introduction 25
2.2 Utility Theory 26
2.2.1 An Example 27
2.3 Prospect Theory 27
2.3.1 An Example: CPT Modeling for SRS 30
2.3.1.1 Detection of CPT Effects via Lotteries 32
2.3.2 Theoretical Implications of CPT 33
2.3.2.1 Implication I: Fourfold Pattern of Risk Attitudes 34
2.3.2.2 Implication II: Strong Risk Aversion Over Mixed Prospects 36
2.3.2.3 Implication III: Effects of Self-Reference 37
2.4 Summary and Conclusions 38
Acknowledgments 39
References 39
3 Social Diffusion Dynamics in Cyber-Physical-Human Systems 43
Lorenzo Zino and Ming Cao
3.1 Introduction 43
3.2 General Formalism for Social Diffusion in CPHS 45
3.2.1 Complex and Multiplex Networks 45
3.2.2 General Framework for Social Diffusion 46
3.2.3 Main Theoretical Approaches 48
3.3 Modeling Decision-Making 49
3.3.1 Pairwise Interaction Models 49
3.3.2 Linear Threshold Models 52
3.3.3 Game-Theoretic Models 53
3.4 Dynamics in CPHS 55
3.4.1 Social Diffusion in Multiplex Networks 56
3.4.2 Co-Evolutionary Social Dynamics 58
3.5 Ongoing Efforts Toward Controlling Social Diffusion and Future Challenges 62
Acknowledgments 63
References 63
4 Opportunities and Threats of Interactions Between Humans and Cyber-Physical Systems - Integration and Inclusion Approaches for Cphs 71
Frédéric Vanderhaegen and Victor Díaz Benito Jiménez
4.1 CPHS and Shared Control 72
4.2 "Tailor-made" Principles for Human-CPS Integration 73
4.3 "All-in-one" based Principles for Human-CPS Inclusion 74
4.4 Dissonances, Opportunities, and Threats in a CPHS 76
4.5 Examples of Opportunities and Threats 79
4.6 Conclusions 85
References 86
5 Enabling Human-Aware Autonomy Through Cognitive Modeling and Feedback Control 91
Neera Jain, Tahira Reid, Kumar Akash, Madeleine Yuh, and Jacob Hunter
5.1 Introduction 91
5.1.1 Important Cognitive Factors in HAI 92
5.1.2 Challenges with Existing CPHS Methods 93
5.1.3 How to Read This Chapter 95
5.2 Cognitive Modeling 95
5.2.1 Modeling Considerations 95
5.2.2 Cognitive Architectures 97
5.2.3
About the author
ANURADHA M. ANNASWAMY, PhD, is a Senior Research Scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA.
PRAMOD P. KHARGONEKAR, PhD, is Vice Chancellor for Research and a Distinguished Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of California, Irvine, USA.
FRANÇOISE LAMNABHI-LAGARRIGUE, PhD, is a Distinguished Research Fellow at Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes CNRS, CentraleSupelec, Paris-Saclay University, France.
SARAH K. SPURGEON, PhD, is the Head of the Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Professor of Control Engineering at University College London, UK.
