Doppler Echocardiography for the Small Animal Practitioner

Doppler Echocardiography for the Small Animal Practitioner
 
Practical guide to using color flow and spectral Doppler in interpreting echocardiographic findings in veterinary practice
 
Doppler Echocardiography for the Small Animal Practitioner provides a clinically oriented quick reference to using color flow and spectral Doppler to interpret echocardiographic findings, enabling readers to learn and apply these techniques and acquire background knowledge of technical factors affecting diagnostic color and spectral Doppler. Practically, the text also serves as a quick checklist for the Doppler features of commonly acquired cardiac diseases in the dog and cat. To aid in reader comprehension, the text contains color images and video clips to support the descriptions.
 
This handbook is not intended as a comprehensive explanation of the echocardiographic features associated with heart disease in animals. Rather, it is intended as the next step for the general practitioner and the non-cardiac specialist that have learned to acquire diagnostic 2D and M-Mode echocardiographic studies.
 
Written by a highly experienced professionals with nearly 40 years of experience in the field of veterinary echocardiography, sample topics covered in Doppler Echocardiography for the Small Animal Practitioner include:
* Doppler principles as they apply to accuracy and evaluation of the color flow and spectral Doppler examination
* Imaging planes required for accurate evaluation of flows in the heart and an explanation of and application of Doppler pressure gradients
* Interpretation of color flow signals and common Doppler features of the most frequently acquired heart diseases in dogs and cats
* Specific intricacies of the field, including isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) and imaging planes techniques of the mitral valve and aorta
 
Doppler Echocardiography for the Small Animal Practitioner is a highly valuable resource and practical guide for all professionals in the field who have learned to acquire diagnostic 2D and M-Mode echocardiographic studies and now need to understand how to learn and apply these techniques in a myriad of practical applications.
 
Related Titles
 
Two-Dimensional and M-Mode Echocardiography for the Small Animal Practitioner
Second Edition
By June Boon
9781119028536
 
Life-Threatening Cardiac Emergencies for the Small Animal Practitioner
By Maureen McMichael and Ryan Fries
9781119042075
 
Cardiology for Veterinary Technicians and Nurses
By H. Edward Durham
9780813813530

List of contents

Preface xi
 
About the Companion Website xiii
 
1 The Basics: What You Need to Know 1
 
Doppler Principles as They Apply to Accuracy and Quality of the Exam 1
 
Doppler shift 1
 
Types of Doppler 2
 
Advantages and disadvantages of each type of Doppler 4
 
The spectral display 4
 
The color display 6
 
Nyquist limit and aliasing 8
 
Accuracy of spectral flow information 12
 
Optimizing Doppler Displays 14
 
Color flow 14
 
Spectral Doppler 19
 
Laminar and Turbulent Flow 21
 
Normal laminar flow 21
 
Turbulent flow 21
 
Causes of spectral broadening 22
 
2 The Doppler Examination 23
 
Spectral Doppler 23
 
Normal spectral flows in the heart 23
 
Mitral valve 23
 
Aorta and LVOT 26
 
Pulmonary artery and RVOT 27
 
Left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) 31
 
Pulmonary venous flow 32
 
Left auricular flow 32
 
Color Flow Doppler 37
 
Normal color flow in the heart 37
 
Mitral valve 37
 
Aorta 38
 
Pulmonary artery 43
 
Tricuspid valve 47
 
3 Applications 55
 
Pressure Gradients (PGs) 55
 
PG meaning 55
 
Normal pressures in the heart and vessels 55
 
Bernoulli equation 55
 
Modified equation 55
 
How can blood flow when pressures in the ventricles and great vessels are the same? 57
 
Factors Affecting Flow Velocities 57
 
Volume 57
 
Narrowed pathway 57
 
Pressure 57
 
Limitations of the simplified Bernoulli equation 59
 
Common Applications of PG in Acquired Heart Disease 59
 
Using mitral regurgitation 59
 
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 62
 
Pulmonary hypertension 63
 
Diastolic Function and Doppler 66
 
Definitions 66
 
Classes of diastolic dysfunction 66
 
Overview of diastolic function 72
 
4 Doppler Features in Common Acquired Cardiac Diseases 77
 
Chronic Valve Disease 77
 
2D and M-mode features 77
 
Color flow evaluation 77
 
Spectral Doppler 80
 
Dilated Cardiomyopathy 82
 
2D and M-mode features 82
 
Color flow evaluation 84
 
Spectral Doppler 84
 
Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy 84
 
2D and M-mode features 84
 
Color flow evaluation 85
 
Spectral Doppler 87
 
Diastolic function 88
 
Dynamic Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction (DRVOTO) 88
 
2D and M-mode features 88
 
Color flow evaluation 90
 
Spectral Doppler 90
 
Nonspecific Cardiomyopathy 90
 
2D and M-mode features 90
 
These result in diminishing systolic function 90
 
Color flow evaluation 90
 
Spectral Doppler 91
 
Pulmonary Hypertension 92
 
2D and M-mode features 92
 
Color flow evaluation 93
 
Spectral Doppler 93
 
Appendix 1 Spectral Doppler Reference Ranges for the Dog and Cat 99
 
Appendix 2 Abbreviations 103
 
Recommended Reading 105
 
Index 107

About the author

The Author June A. Boon, MS, is an Instructor and Echocardiographer at the College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. The Rapid Reference series Books in the Rapid Reference series are ideal quick references, using a concise, practical approach to provide small animal practitioners with fast access to essential information. Designed to be used at a patient???s side, these books make it easy to quickly diagnose and treat patients. With a spiral binding to lie flat, Rapid Reference books are an indispensable tool for the exam room.

Product details

• Authors: June A Boon, June A. Boon, June A. (Colorado State University Boon, Boon June A.
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Paperback / Softback
• Released: 06.10.2022
• EAN: 9781119730170
• ISBN: 978-1-119-73017-0
• No. of pages: 128
• Series: Rapid Reference
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Medicine > Veterinary medicine; Veterinärmedizin, ECHOKARDIOGRAPHIE, Kleintier, veterinary medicine, Veterinärmedizin / Innere Medizin, Veterinärmedizin f. Kleintiere, Veterinary Internal Medicine, Veterinary Medicine - Small Animal General