Introduction to Chemical Engineering

Introduction to Chemical Engineering
 
An accessible introduction to chemical engineering for specialists in adjacent fields
 
Chemical engineering plays a vital role in numerous industries, including chemical manufacturing, oil and gas refining and processing, food processing, biofuels, pharmaceutical manufacturing, plastics production and use, and new energy recovery and generation technologies. Many people working in these fields, however, are nonspecialists: management, other kinds of engineers (mechanical, civil, electrical, software, computer, safety, etc.), and scientists of all varieties. Introduction to Chemical Engineering is an ideal resource for those looking to fill the gaps in their education so that they can fully engage with matters relating to chemical engineering.
 
Based on an introductory course designed to assist chemists becoming familiar with aspects of chemical plants, this book examines the fundamentals of chemical processing. The book specifically focuses on transport phenomena, mixing and stirring, chemical reactors, and separation processes. Readers will also find:
* A hands-on approach to the material with many practical examples
* Calculus is the only type of advanced mathematics used
* A wide range of unit operations including distillation, liquid extraction, absorption of gases, membrane separation, crystallization, liquid/solid separation, drying, and gas/solid separation
 
Introduction to Chemical Engineering is a great help for chemists, biologists, physicists, and non-chemical engineers looking to round out their education for the workplace.

List of contents

Preface xvii
 
Prologue xix
 
Part I Transport Phenomena 1
 
1 Mass Balances 3
 
1.1 Introduction 3
 
1.2 Theory 5
 
1.3 Additional Material 9
 
Reference 10
 
2 Energy Balances 11
 
2.1 Definitions 11
 
2.2 The General Energy Balance 12
 
2.3 Applications of the General Energy Balance 13
 
2.3.1 Pump 13
 
2.3.2 Air Oxidation of Cumene 14
 
2.4 The Mechanical Energy Equation 17
 
2.5 Applications of the Mechanical Energy Balance 18
 
References 22
 
3 Viscosity 23
 
3.1 Definition 23
 
3.2 Newtonian Fluids 25
 
3.3 Non-Newtonian Fluids 25
 
3.3.1 The Viscosity is a Function of the Temperature and the Shear Rate 25
 
3.3.2 The Viscosity is a Function of Time 28
 
3.4 Viscoelasticity 29
 
3.5 Viscosity of Newtonian Fluids 29
 
3.5.1 Gases 29
 
3.5.2 Liquids 30
 
References 32
 
4 Laminar Flow 33
 
4.1 Steady-state Flow Through a Circular Tube 33
 
4.2 Rotational Viscosimeters 37
 
4.3 Additional Remarks 39
 
5 Turbulent Flow 41
 
5.1 Velocity Distribution 41
 
5.2 The Reynolds Number 42
 
5.3 Pressure Drop in Horizontal Conduits 42
 
5.4 Pressure Drop in Tube Systems 45
 
5.5 Flow Around Obstacles 47
 
5.5.1 Introduction 47
 
5.5.2 Dispersed Spherical Particles 48
 
5.6 Terminal Velocity of a Swarm of Particles 53
 
5.7 Flow Resistance of Heat Exchangers with Tubes 53
 
References 54
 
6 Flow Meters 57
 
6.1 Introduction 57
 
6.2 Fluid-energy Activated Flow Meters 57
 
6.2.1 Oval-gear Flow Meter 57
 
6.2.2 Orifice Meter 57
 
6.2.3 Venturi Meter 60
 
6.2.4 Rotameter 60
 
6.3 External Stimulus Flow Meters 61
 
6.3.1 Thermal Flow Meter 61
 
6.3.2 Ultrasonic Flow Meters 62
 
References 62
 
7 Case Studies Flow Phenomena 63
 
7.1 Energy Consumption: Calculation of the Power Potential of a High Artificial Lake 63
 
7.2 Estimation of the Size of a Pump Motor 64
 
8 Heat Conduction 67
 
8.1 Introduction 67
 
8.2 Thermal Conductivity 68
 
8.3 Steady-state Heat Conduction 71
 
8.4 Heating or Cooling of a Solid Body 75
 
References 78
 
9 Convective Heat Transfer 79
 
9.1 Heat Exchangers 79
 
9.2 Heat Transfer Correlations 84
 
References 86
 
10 Heat Transfer by Radiation 87
 
10.1 Introduction 87
 
10.2 IR 87
 
10.3 Dielectric Heating 91
 
10.3.1 General Aspects 91
 
10.3.2 RF Heating 93
 
10.3.3 Microwave Heating 94
 
References 97
 
11 Case Studies Heat Transfer 99
 
11.1 Bulk Materials Heat Exchanger 99
 
11.2 Heat Exchanger 100
 
11.3 Surface Temperature of the Sun 102
 
11.4 Gas IR Textile Drying 102
 
11.5 Heat Loss by IR Radiation 103
 
11.6 Microwave Drying of a Pharmaceutical Product 103
 
References 104
 
12 Steady-state Diffusion 105
 
12.1 Introduction and Definition of the Diffusion Coefficient 105
 
12.2 The Diffusion Coefficient 106
 
12.3 Steady-state Diffusion 107
 
References 112
 
13 Convective Mass Transfer 113
 
13.1 Partial and Overall Mass Transfer Coefficients 113
 
13.2 Mass Transfer Between a Fixed Wall and a Flowing Medium 116
 
13.3 Simultaneous Heat and Mass Transfer at Convective Drying 118
 
References 121
 

About the author

C.M. van 't Land ran the seminar and consulting company Van 't Land Processing between 1999 and 2020. Prior to that, he worked at Akzo Nobel Chemicals from 1968-2000 as process engineer, and later, process development manager and project leader. He is the author of Industrial Drying Equipment: Selection and Application, Industrial Crystallization of Melts, Drying in the Process Industry, and Safety in Design.

Product details

• Authors: C M van 't Land, C. M. van 't Land, C. M. Van ''T Land
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 06.09.2023
• EAN: 9781119634089
• ISBN: 978-1-119-63408-9
• No. of pages: 576
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Chemistry; Chemie, Prozesssteuerung, chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Industrial Chemistry, chemische Verfahrenstechnik, Technische u. Industrielle Chemie, Process Engineering, Chemical Engineering Fundamentals, Grundlagen der Chemischen Verfahrenstechnik