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The third edition of Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology is a concise yet comprehensive introduction to the structure and function of the human body. Written with the needs of nursing and healthcare students in mind, this bestselling textbook incorporates clinical examples and scenarios throughout to illustrate how the topics covered are applied in practice. Hundreds of full-colour illustrations complement numerous case studies encompassing all fields of nursing practice, alongside learning outcomes, self-assessment tests, chapter summaries, and other effective learning tools.
This latest edition has been thoroughly updated by a team of international contributors to reflect the current Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) Standards for Education, with enhanced online learning resources including an image bank, a searchable online glossary, flashcards, interactive multiple-choice questions, and more. Offering a user-friendly introduction to anatomy and physiology, this textbook:
* Provides a variety of clinical scenarios and examples to relate theory to practice
* Outlines the disorders associated with each chapter's topic
* Presents information on medicines management for each body system
* Is written by an international team
* Features extensive supplementary online resources for both students and instructors
* Is available with accompanying study guide, Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology Workbook
Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology is the perfect introduction to the subject for student nurses, particularly those in the first year of their course, healthcare assistants and nursing associates, and other allied health students.
List of contents
Contributors xvii
Preface xxi
Acknowledgements xxv
About the Editors xxvii
Prefixes, Suffixes xxix
How to Use Your Textbook xxxix
About the Companion Website xli
1 Basic Scientific Principles of Physiology 1
Introduction 2
Levels of Organisation 2
Characteristics of Life 2
Bodily Requirements 3
Life at the Chemical Level 4
Chemical Reactions and Chemical Bonds 6
Acids and Bases 10
Representing Chemical Reactions in Written Form: Chemical Equations 11
Organic Molecules 12
Homeostasis 15
Units of Measurement 16
Conclusion 18
Glossary 18
References 19
Activities 19
Test Your Learning 21
Find Out More 21
2 Cells, Cellular Compartments, Transport Systems, Fluid Movement Between Compartments 23
Introduction 24
Inside the Cell 24
Structure of the Cell Membrane 25
Transport of Substances Across the Cell Membrane 26
How Do Cells Communicate? 30
Fluid Compartments in the Body 31
The Composition of Body Fluids 31
Electrolyte and Water Balance 32
Fluid Movement Between Compartments 34
Bulk Transport Across the Cell Membrane 37
Conclusion 39
Glossary 39
References 40
Further Reading 40
Activities 40
Find Out More 42
Chemical Symbols 42
Conditions 43
3 Genetics 45
Anatomical Map 46
Introduction 46
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) 47
The DNA Double Helix 48
Chromosomes 49
From DNA to Proteins 52
Summary of Relationship Between DNA, RNA and Protein 55
The Transference of Genes 56
Inheritance 60
Spontaneous Mutation 70
Disorders of Chromosomes 70
Conclusion 72
Glossary 72
References 73
Further Reading 74
Activities 74
Conditions 76
4 Tissue 77
Introduction 78
Epithelial Tissue 78
Connective Tissue 83
Membranes 89
Muscle Tissue 90
Nervous Tissue 91
Tissue Repair 92
Conclusion 93
Glossary 93
References 94
Activities 94
5 Embryology 97
Introduction 98
Final Maturation of the Oocyte and Sperm 98
Day One: Fertilisation 100
Days 2-5: Pre-Implantation Development 100
Day 6: Implantation 102
Week 2: Early Placental Formation 102
Week 3-8: Post-Implantation Embryonic Development 104
Late Gestation and Birth: Gestational Weeks 13-40 (Embryonic Weeks 11-38) 108
Complications of Pregnancy 111
Conclusion 115
Glossary 115
References 116
Further Reading 116
Activities 117
6 The Muscular System 119
Body Map 120
Introduction 120
Types of Muscle Tissue 120
Functions of the Muscular System 121
Composition of Skeletal Muscle Tissue 122
Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles 122
Microanatomy of Skeletal Muscle Fibre 123
Skeletal Muscle Contraction and Relaxation 127
Energy Sources for Muscle Contraction 130
Aerobic Respiration 130
Organisation of the Skeletal Muscular System 133
The Effects of Ageing 146
Conclusion 146
Glossary 146
About the author
ABOUT THE EDITORS Ian Peate is Visiting Professor of Nursing, Visiting Senior Clinical Fellow, Editor-in-Chief of the British Journal of Nursing, and Head of School, School of Health Studies, Gibraltar.
Suzanne Evans is Associate Professor and Director of Teaching & Learning, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Australia.
