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"This book examines the evolution of customary international law (CIL) as a source of international law. Using the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) as a key case study, the book explores the importance of CIL in the development of international criminal law and focuses on the ways in which international criminal courts and "hybrid" criminal tribunals can be said to change the ways in which CIL is determined. In doing so, the book surveys the process and substance of CIL, as well as the problematic distinction between the elements of state practice and opinio juris. By applying a positivist approach, Noora Araji analyses the methodologies employed by the ICTY, International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, Special Tribunal forLebanon, the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia, and the International Criminal Court. Through examination of the case-law and the reasoning of the courts, Arèajarvi demonstrates to what extent the court's chosen method of application of CIL affects the process of custom formation. The book will be of great value to researchers and scholars of international law, international relations, and practitioners with interests in customary international law"--