Hydrogen Energy - Production, Safety, Storage and Applications

HYDROGEN ENERGY
 
Comprehensive resource exploring integrated hydrogen technology with guidance for developing practical operating systems
 
Hydrogen Energy presents all-inclusive knowledge on hydrogen production and storage to enable readers to design guidelines for its production, storage, and applications, addressing the recent renewed interest in hydrogen energy to manage the global energy crisis and discussing the electrochemical potential of hydrogen in transportation and fuel cells.
 
Written by a highly qualified author, Hydrogen Energy explores sample topics such as:
* Essentials of hydrogen energy, such as its occurrence, physico-chemical properties, production, transmission, delivery, storage, and utilization
* Technology of hydrogen utilization in the land transport sector, such as automobiles, as well as other modes of transport, like marine and air
* Combustion characteristics and environmental pollution features, internal combustion engines, and fuel cells
* Guidelines to design prototype systems, covering their safety, hydrogen induced damages and life cycle analysis
 
Providing in-depth coverage of the subject, Hydrogen Energy is an ideal resource for researchers and professionals working towards developing time-bound goal-oriented hydrogen-based programs in the chemical, automobile, power, and process engineering sectors.

List of contents

Preface xv
 
Acknowledgement xvii
 
List of Figures xix
 
Author Biography xxxi
 
1 Overall Energy Perspective 1
 
1.1 Introduction 1
 
1.2 Energy Overview 2
 
1.3 Sun as the Source of All Energy 4
 
1.4 Energy Consumption in Transport, Agriculture and Domestic Sectors 6
 
1.5 Energy Crisis: Starvation of Fossil Fuels 8
 
1.6 Environmental Degradation Due to Fossil Fuel Combustion 9
 
1.6.1 Green House Effect: Greenhouse Gas and Global Warming 10
 
1.6.2 Smog 15
 
1.6.3 Acid Rain 17
 
1.6.4 Vehicular Pollution 18
 
1.7 Energy Transition Towards Sustainability 19
 
1.8 Role of Hydrogen in Present Energy-environment Context 21
 
1.9 Demand for Hydrogen 22
 
1.10 Structure and Phases of Hydrogen 25
 
1.11 Discovery and Occurrence of Hydrogen 27
 
1.12 Uses of Hydrogen 28
 
Concluding Remarks 32
 
Abbreviations 33
 
References 34
 
2 Hydrogen Energy: Properties and Quality 37
 
2.1 Introduction 37
 
2.2 Properties of Hydrogen 39
 
2.3 Physical Properties 40
 
2.4 Chemical Properties 44
 
2.4.1 Flammability Limit 46
 
2.4.2 Minimum Ignition Energy 47
 
2.4.3 Flashpoint 48
 
2.4.4 Auto-ignition Temperature 48
 
2.4.5 Octane Number 49
 
2.4.6 Heat of Combustion 49
 
2.5 Electro-conductivity and the Joule-Thomson Effect 50
 
2.6 Emissivity of Hydrogen Flame and Adiabatic Flame Temperature 50
 
2.7 Laminar Burning Velocity 51
 
2.8 Hydrogen-Oxygen Reaction Mechanism 51
 
2.9 Hydrogen Colours and Carbon Footprint 53
 
2.10 Grey, Blue and Green Hydrogen 54
 
2.10.1 Grey Hydrogen 54
 
2.10.2 Blue Hydrogen 55
 
2.10.3 Turquoise, Brown, Black, Pink, Red, Yellow and White Hydrogen 58
 
2.11 Green Hydrogen 59
 
2.12 Benefits of Green Hydrogen 63
 
2.13 Obstacles and Challenges to Green Hydrogen 65
 
2.14 Cost of Green Hydrogen 67
 
Concluding Remarks 70
 
Abbreviations 72
 
References 72
 
3 Production of Hydrogen 75
 
3.1 Introduction 76
 
3.2 Routes of Hydrogen Production 76
 
3.3 Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) 80
 
3.3.1 Water-Gas Shift Reactor 82
 
3.3.2 Selection of Catalysts 83
 
3.3.3 Ethanol and Methanol Steam Reforming 83
 
3.3.4 Fuel Processing for Fuel Cell Application 84
 
3.4 Partial Oxidation of POx 85
 
3.5 Partial Oxidation of Heavy Oils and Naphtha 86
 
3.6 Auto-thermic Reaction (ATR) 86
 
3.7 Hydrogen from Coal Gasification 88
 
3.7.1 Types of Coal Gasification 88
 
3.7.2 Mechanism of Hydrogen Production by Gasification 89
 
3.8 Underground Coal Gasification 89
 
3.9 Hydrogen Production from Biomass 90
 
3.9.1 Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass to Hydrogen 91
 
3.9.2 Gasification of Biomass 91
 
3.9.3 Plasma Gasification Process 93
 
3.9.4 Pyrolysis of Biomass 93
 
3.9.5 Supercritical Water Gasification of Biomass (SWGB) 94
 
3.10 Biological Production of Hydrogen 95
 
3.10.1 Biophotolysis 96
 
3.10.2 Photo-fermentation 97
 
3.10.3 Dark Fermentation 98
 
3.10.4 Combined Dark-Photo Co-fermentation 98
 
3.11 Hydrogen Production Based on Electrolysis 99
 
3.11.1 AEL and PEM Electrolysis 100
 
3.11.2 Alkaline Electrolysis 102
 
3.11.3 Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Electrolysis 102
 
3.12 Hydrogen Production Using Solar Energy 105
 
3.12.1 Solar

About the author

Dr. L. M. Das, Professor Emeritus at Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India, was a Visiting Professor at the University of California, Riverside, USA. He worked in various global research assignments in the USA, UK, Portugal and France. He successfully completed several sponsored projects of UNIDO, Shell (England) and Government of India (Ministry of New and Renewable Energy & Ministry of Science and Technology). He is the recipient of several awards: Lockheed Martin Award (2012), Outstanding Service Award by International Association of Hydrogen Energy (2013), T.N. Vezirölu Award (2013); Biju Patnaik Award for Excellence in Science (2014), Life Time Achievement Award by ISEES (2015). As an author, he has contributed several chapters to books published internationally.

Summary

HYDROGEN ENERGY

Comprehensive resource exploring integrated hydrogen technology with guidance for developing practical operating systems

Hydrogen Energy presents all-inclusive knowledge on hydrogen production and storage to enable readers to design guidelines for its production, storage, and applications, addressing the recent renewed interest in hydrogen energy to manage the global energy crisis and discussing the electrochemical potential of hydrogen in transportation and fuel cells.

Written by a highly qualified author, Hydrogen Energy explores sample topics such as:
* Essentials of hydrogen energy, such as its occurrence, physico-chemical properties, production, transmission, delivery, storage, and utilization
* Technology of hydrogen utilization in the land transport sector, such as automobiles, as well as other modes of transport, like marine and air
* Combustion characteristics and environmental pollution features, internal combustion engines, and fuel cells
* Guidelines to design prototype systems, covering their safety, hydrogen induced damages and life cycle analysis

Providing in-depth coverage of the subject, Hydrogen Energy is an ideal resource for researchers and professionals working towards developing time-bound goal-oriented hydrogen-based programs in the chemical, automobile, power, and process engineering sectors.

Product details

• Authors: Lalit Mohan Das, Lalit Mohan (Indian Institute of Technology Das
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 09.02.2024
• EAN: 9781119900696
• ISBN: 978-1-119-90069-6
• No. of pages: 464
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Chemistry; Chemie, Wasserstoff, Energie, ENERGY, chemistry, Industrial Chemistry, Technische u. Industrielle Chemie, Batterien u. Brennstoffzellen, Batteries & Fuel Cells, Wasserstoff, Batterien u. Brennstoffzellen, Hydrogen, Batteries & Fuel Cells, Wasserstoffenergie