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Climate change is modifying, in varying measure, the coastal geography of States. The phenomenon is not temporary but is expected to carry on during the 21st century and beyond.
List of contents
Acknowledgements *
Table of Cases *
Table of Treaties and Legal Instruments *
List of Abbreviations *
List of Illustrations *
Introduction *
Chapter 1: The Concern *
1.1 Sea Level Rise and the Impact of a Changing Baseline *
1.2 Conclusion *
Chapter 2: The Baseline *
2.1 The Normal Baseline *
2.2 Atolls and Reefs *
2.3 Straight Baselines *
2.4 Coastlines: Deeply Indented, Cut into or the Presence of a Fringe of Islands *
2.5 Mouths of Rivers *
2.6 Bays *
2.7 Particular Coastal Circumstances *
2.7.1 Historic Bays *
2.7.2 Highly Unstable Coastlines *
2.8 Low-Tide Elevations *
2.9 Archipelagic States *
2.9.1 Straight Archipelagic Baselines *
2.10 Base Points Along Ice Formations *
2.11 Conclusion *
Chapter 3: Islands *
3.1 The Constitutive Elements of an Island *
3.2 Rocks in the Regime of Islands *
3.3 The Requirements of Human Habitation or Economic Life of their Own *
3.4 Submerging Islands *
3.5 "New" and "Uncovered" Islands *
3.6 Conclusion *
Chapter 4: The Judicial Delimitation of Maritime Boundaries *
4.1 The Applicable Law Governing the Delimitation of Maritime Boundaries *
4.2 Land - the Source of a State's Rights over Adjacent Waters *
4.3 Delimitation of Overlapping Maritime Zones *
4.3.1 Base Points *
4.4 Delimitation of the Territorial Sea *
4.4.1 Historic Title or Special Circumstances *
4.4.2 The Median Line *
4.5 Delimitation of the Exclusive Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf *
4.5.1 The Delimitation Methodologies and Coastal Geography *
4.5.2 The Equidistance/Relevant Circumstances Method *
4.5.3 Relevant Circumstances *
4.5.4 The Disproportionality Test *
4.6 The Angle-Bisector Method *
4.7 Coastal Instability *
4.8 Conclusion *
Chapter 5: Stability and Clarity *
5.1 Maritime Boundaries established by a Judicial Decision or an Agreement *
5.2 Unilaterally Declared Maritime Boundaries *
5.2.1 State Practice *
5.2.2 Maritime Limits (1): Historic Title or Historic Rights *
5.2.3 Maritime Limits (2): Permanence *
5.4 Sea Level Rise and Maritime Delimitation by Judicial Institutions *
5.5 Monitoring the Stability of Baselines and Base Points *
5.6 Conclusion *
Concluding Remarks *
Bibliography .............................................................................................................................. *
INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION DOCUMENTS *
INTERNATIONAL LAW ASSOCIATION REPORTS *
BOOKS *
PAPERS IN JOURNALS *
REPORTS *
THESES/RESEARCH PAPERS *
NEWSPAPER ARTICLES *
SPEECHES *
WEBSITES *
OTHER *
About the author
Antoine Grima is a lecturer at the University of Malta and member of the International Law Association Committee on International Law and Sea Level Rise.
Summary
Climate change is modifying, in varying measure, the coastal geography of States. The phenomenon is not temporary but is expected to carry on during the 21st century and beyond.
