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Informationen zum Autor E. Shashi Menon Klappentext A guide to formulas! codes! and standards encountered in the gas industry. It demonstrates the calculation of pressure drop using various commonly accepted formulas. It contains appendices that provide conversions from USCS to SI units! tables of properties of natural gas! commonly used pipe sizes! and allowable internal and hydrotest pressures. Zusammenfassung A guide to formulas, codes, and standards encountered in the gas industry. It demonstrates the calculation of pressure drop using various commonly accepted formulas. It contains appendices that provide conversions from USCS to SI units, tables of properties of natural gas, commonly used pipe sizes, and allowable internal and hydrotest pressures. Inhaltsverzeichnis GAS PROPERTIESMass and WeightVolumeDensity! Specific Weight! and Specific VolumeSpecific GravityViscosityIdeal GasesReal GasesNatural Gas MixturesPseudo-Critical Properties from Gas GravityImpact of Sour Gas on Non-Hydrocarbon ComponentsCompressibility FactorHeating ValueSummaryProblemsReferencesPRESSURE DROP DUE TO FRICTIONBernoulli's EquationFlow EquationsGeneral Flow EquationEffect of Pipe ElevationsAverage Pipe Segment PressureVelocity of Gas in a PipelineErosional VelocityReynolds Number of FlowFriction FactorColebrook-White EquationTransmission FactorModified Colebrook-White EquationAmerican Gas Association (AGA) EquationWeymouth EquationPanhandle A EquationPanhandle B EquationInstitute of Gas Technology (IGT) EquationSpitzglass EquationMueller EquationFritzsche EquationEffect of Pipe RoughnessComparison of Flow EquationsSummaryProblemsReferencesPRESSURE REQUIRED TO TRANSPORTTotal Pressure Drop RequiredFrictional EffectEffect of Pipeline ElevationEffect of Changing Pipe Delivery PressurePipeline with Intermediate Injections and DeliveriesSeries PipingParallel PipingLocating Pipe LoopHydraulic Pressure GradientPressure Regulators and Relief ValvesTemperature Variation and Gas Pipeline ModelingLine PackSummaryProblemsReferencesCOMPRESSOR STATIONSCompressor Station LocationsHydraulic BalanceIsothermal CompressionAdiabatic CompressionPolytropic CompressionDischarge Temperature of Compressed GasHorsepower RequiredOptimum Compressor LocationsCompressors in Series and ParallelTypes of Compressors-Centrifugal and Positive DisplacementCompressor Performance CurvesCompressor Station Piping LossesCompressor Station SchematicSummaryProblemsReferencesPIPE LOOPS VERSUS COMPRESSIONPurpose of a Pipe LoopPurpose of CompressionIncreasing Pipeline CapacityReducing Power RequirementsLooping in Distribution PipingSummaryProblemsReferencesPIPE ANALYSISPipe Wall ThicknessBarlow's EquationThick-Walled PipesDerivation of Barlow's EquationPipe Material and GradeInternal Design Pressure EquationClass LocationMainline ValvesHydrostatic Test PressureBlowdown CalculationsDetermining Pipe TonnageSummaryProblemsReferencesTHERMAL HYDRAULICSIsothermal versus Thermal HydraulicsTemperature Variation and Gas Pipeline ModelingReview of Simulation Model ReportsSummaryProblemsReferencesTRANSIENT ANALYSIS AND CASE STUDIESUnsteady FlowCase StudiesSummaryProblemsReferencesVALVES AND FLOW MEASUREMENTSPurpose of ValvesTypes of ValvesMaterial of ConstructionCodes for Design and ConstructionGate ValveBall ValvePlug ValveButterfly ValveGlobe ValveCheck ValvePressure Control ValvePressure RegulatorPressure Relief ValveFlow MeasurementFlow MetersVenturi MeterFlow NozzleSummaryProblemsReferencesPIPELINE ECONOMICSComponents of CostCapital CostsOperating CostsDetermining Economic Pipe SizeSummaryProblemsReferencesAPPENDIX A: UNITS AND CONVERSIONSAPPENDIX B: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS GASESAPPENDIX C: PIPE PROPERTIES-US CUSTOMARY SYSTEM OF UNITSAPPENDIX D: GASMOD OUTPUT REPORTAPPENDIX E: SUMMARY OF FORMULASINDEX ...
