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This book explores how premodern Ottomans characterised public office corruption and what specific transgressions they associated with this notion before the nineteenth century. It identifies articulations of self-interested abuses of power in this context and illustrates how they resonate in some ways with modern perspectives.
List of contents
- Glossary
- A Note on Transliteration
- Introduction Conceptual Reflections
- 1: Corruption Based on Pre-Ottoman Jurisprudential Sources
- 2: Corruption in Ottoman Jurisprudence
- 3: Abuse and Predation in State Documents
- 4: Controlling Corruption
- 5: Corruption in Ottoman Political Literature
- 6: Corruption According to Accounts for Foreigners
- 7: Gifts as Bribes
- 8: On the Morality of Patronage: The Case of Ilmiye
- Conclusion: Possible Rationalizations of Corruption and Other Afterthoughts
- References
- Index
About the author
Böaç A. Ergene specializes in Ottoman social, economic, and legal history. He is the author, co-author, or editor of five books, including
The Economics of Ottoman Justice (Cambridge U.P, 2016; with Metin Cögel) and
Halal Food: A History (Oxford U.P, 2018; with Febe Armanios). He has also published numerous articles on various aspects of Ottoman history in major academic journals. Professor Ergene teaches Islamic and Middle Eastern history at the University of Vermont in the United States.
Summary
How did the premodern Ottomans understand public office corruption? To answer this question, Defining Corruption in the Ottoman Empire explores how Ottoman jurists, statesmen, political commentators, and others characterized this notion and what specific transgressions they associated with it before the nineteenth century. The book is based on extensive research and a wide variety of sources, including jurisprudential texts, imperial orders and communications, chronicles, and travel and diplomatic accounts. It identifies articulations of self-interested abuses of power by official and communal actors in these sources and illustrates how they resonate in some ways with modern perspectives. These premodern formulations, however, are shown to have collectively constituted a conceptual space that was contentious and temporally unstable, and no single overarching term was able to encapsulate all the specific misdeeds frequently linked to modern depictions of corruption.
The book's genre-specific discursive survey is complemented by discussions that highlight, in the Ottoman context, the shifty boundaries that separated legitimate and illegitimate forms of revenue extraction; that examine the state's efforts to monitor and punish abuses by government officials; and that explore the context-dependent and often contested moralities of many acts, such as gift giving as bribery, office selling, and favoritism. It also considers the ways in which "corrupt" state actors might have rationalized their offenses.
Defining Corruption is a conceptually driven work that is both comparative and interdisciplinary, engaging seriously with non-Ottoman historiographies, including broader Middle Eastern, European, and Chinese, and multiple disciplines besides history, in particular anthropology and economics, to provide a comprehensive analysis of premodern Ottoman perceptions of administrative abuse.
