Origin of Carbonate Sedimentary Rocks

Informationen zum Autor Noel James , Professor of Geology at Queen's University, Canada, has, for over 40 years focused his research on carbonate sediments and rocks that range from the modern seafloor to the Archean, studying their origin via extensive marine and terrestrial fieldwork, petrography, and geochemistry.   He has taught numerous courses on oceanography, carbonate sedimentology, petroleum geology and the evolution of North America to undergraduates, graduate students, and professionals as well as editing or authoring nine scientific books.  He has been honoured many times by learned societies, is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, and a Member of the Order of Canada. Brian Jones , Distinguished University Professor (Geology) at the University of Alberta, Canada, has, for over 40 years taught numerous courses at the introductory and advanced level on carbonate sedimentology and diagenesis.  His research on carbonates has concentrated on the deposition and diagenesis of modern and Cenozoic deposits in the Caribbean, surface and subsurface Paleozoic rocks in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin, many of which are prolific hydrocarbon reservoirs, and spring deposits worldwide. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, and the first Middleton Medalist of the Geological Association of Canada. Klappentext This textbook provides an overview of the origin and preservation of carbonate sedimentary rocks. The focus is on limestones and dolostones and the sediments from which they are derived. The approach is general and universal and draws heavily on fundamental discoveries, arresting interpretations, and keystone syntheses that have been developed over the last five decades. The book is designed as a teaching tool for upper level undergraduate classes, a fundamental reference for graduate and research students, and a scholarly source of information for practicing professionals whose expertise lies outside this specialty. The approach is rigorous, with every chapter being designed as a separate lecture on a specific topic that is encased within a larger scheme.  The text is profusely illustrated with all colour diagrams and images of rocks, subsurface cores, thin sections, modern sediments, and underwater seascapes. Additional resources for this book can be found at: www.wiley.com/go/james/carbonaterocks Zusammenfassung This textbook provides an overview of the origin and preservation of carbonate sedimentary rocks. The focus is on limestones and dolostones and the sediments from which they are derived. Inhaltsverzeichnis Preface xiii Acknowledgements xv PART I: CARBONATE SEDIMENTOLOGY: AN OVERVIEW 1 1 CARBONATE ROCKS AND PLATFORMS 5 What are carbonate sedimentary rocks? 6 Why should we care about studying these rocks? 6 What is the scientific approach? 6 The carbonate continuum 7 How do carbonate sediments form? 9 Where are carbonates produced and where do they accumulate? 10 Tectonic settings and the nature of carbonate platforms 11 How do we study carbonate sediments and rocks? 14 Further reading 14 2 CARBONATE CHEMISTRY AND MINERALOGY 15 Introduction 16 Chemistry 16 Carbonate precipitation and dissolution in the ocean 19 Further reading 21 3 THE CARBONATE FACTORY 22 Introduction 23 Sediment production 23 Component modification 28 Karst and carbonate spring precipitates 36 Further reading 37 4 MARINE CARBONATE FACTORIES AND ROCK CLASSIFICATIONS 38 Introduction 39 Environmental controls 39 Benthic marine factories 46 Pelagic marine factories 47 Limestone classification schemes 47 Further reading 50 5 THE CARBONATE FACTORY: MICROBES AND ALGAE 51 Introduction 52 Mi...

List of contents

Preface xiii
 
Acknowledgements xv
 
PART I: CARBONATE SEDIMENTOLOGY: AN OVERVIEW 1
 
1 CARBONATE ROCKS AND PLATFORMS 5
 
What are carbonate sedimentary rocks? 6
 
Why should we care about studying these rocks? 6
 
What is the scientific approach? 6
 
The carbonate continuum 7
 
How do carbonate sediments form? 9
 
Where are carbonates produced and where do they accumulate? 10
 
Tectonic settings and the nature of carbonate platforms 11
 
How do we study carbonate sediments and rocks? 14
 
Further reading 14
 
2 CARBONATE CHEMISTRY AND MINERALOGY 15
 
Introduction 16
 
Chemistry 16
 
Carbonate precipitation and dissolution in the ocean 19
 
Further reading 21
 
3 THE CARBONATE FACTORY 22
 
Introduction 23
 
Sediment production 23
 
Component modification 28
 
Karst and carbonate spring precipitates 36
 
Further reading 37
 
4 MARINE CARBONATE FACTORIES AND ROCK CLASSIFICATIONS 38
 
Introduction 39
 
Environmental controls 39
 
Benthic marine factories 46
 
Pelagic marine factories 47
 
Limestone classification schemes 47
 
Further reading 50
 
5 THE CARBONATE FACTORY: MICROBES AND ALGAE 51
 
Introduction 52
 
Microbes and carbonates 52
 
Microbialites 52
 
Modern stromatolites 54
 
Calcimicrobes 60
 
Calcareous algae 60
 
Further reading 66
 
6 THE CARBONATE FACTORY: SINGLE CELLS AND SHELLS 67
 
Introduction 68
 
Single?]cell microfossils 68
 
Macrofossils 71
 
Further reading 78
 
7 THE CARBONATE FACTORY: ECHINODERMS AND COLONIAL INVERTEBRATES 79
 
Introduction 80
 
Echinoderms 80
 
Sponges 82
 
Bryozoans 85
 
Corals 89
 
Further reading 93
 
Part II: CARBONATE DEPOSITIONAL SYSTEMS: AN OVERVIEW 95
 
8 LACUSTRINE CARBONATES 99
 
Introduction 100
 
Modern lakes: Zonation and classification 100
 
Controls on lake sedimentation 101
 
Lake sedimentation 103
 
Lacustrine microbialites 107
 
Classification of ancient lake deposits 108
 
Further reading 108
 
9 CARBONATE SPRINGS 110
 
Introduction 111
 
Spring systems 111
 
Classification of springs 112
 
Tufa, travertine, or sinter? 113
 
Biota of spring systems 114
 
Carbonate precipitation in spring systems 114
 
Spring architecture 115
 
Calcareous spring carbonate facies 117
 
Further reading 122
 
10 WARM?]WATER NERITIC CARBONATE DEPOSITIONAL SYSTEMS 123
 
Introduction 124
 
The carbonate factory 124
 
Depositional systems 125
 
Further reading 134
 
11 THE COOL?]WATER NERITIC REALM 135
 
Introduction 136
 
The Carbonate Factory 136
 
Depositional settings 139
 
Warm?]temperate carbonates 141
 
Cool?]temperate carbonates 144
 
Cold?]water, polar carbonate systems 144
 
The rock record 145
 
Further reading 148
 
12 MUDDY PERITIDAL CARBONATES 150
 
Introduction 151
 
Andros Island: The Bahamas 152
 
Shark Bay: Western Australia 154
 
The United Arab Emirates: Persian Gulf 155
 
Stratigraphy 158
 
The shallowing?]upward peritidal cycle 158
 
How do numerous peritidal cycles form? 158
 
Temporal variations on the peritidal cycle theme 162
 
Further reading 163
 
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Product details

• Authors: Noel P James, Noel P. James, Noel P. Jones James, James Noel P., Brian Jones, Jones Brian
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Paperback / Softback
• Released: 14.08.2015
• EAN: 9781118652732
• ISBN: 978-1-118-65273-2
• No. of pages: 464
• Series: Wiley Works
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Geosciences > Mineralogy, petrography; Geowissenschaften, Stratigraphie, Sedimentologie, Earth Sciences, Sedimentology & Stratigraphy, Sedimentologie u. Stratigraphie, Karbonatgestein