Introduction to Geochemistry - Principles and Applications

Informationen zum Autor KULA C. MISRA is a Professor of Geology (Emeritus) at the University of Tennessee where he has taught geochemistry, economic geology, and environmental geology for more than 30 years. He received a M.Tech degree in Applied Geology from the Indian Institute of Technology (Kharagpur) and, after working for about ten years as a field geologist, a Ph.D. degree in Geology from the University of Western Ontario (Canada). His research papers have been published in several professional journals, and he is the author of the textbook Understanding Mineral Deposits published in the year 2000. He is a member of several professional organizations and has served as a consultant to corporations and government agencies on subjects related to mineral deposits and environmental geochemistry. Klappentext This book is intended to serve as a text for an introductory course in geochemistry for undergraduate/graduate students with at least an elementary-level background in earth sciences, chemistry, and mathematics. The text, containing 83 tables and 181 figures, covers a wide variety of topics -- ranging from atomic structure to chemical and isotopic equilibria to modern biogeochemical cycles -- which are divided into four interrelated parts: Crystal Chemistry; Chemical Reactions (and biochemical reactions involving bacteria); Isotope Geochemistry (radiogenic and stable isotopes); and The Earth Supersystem, which includes discussions pertinent to the evolution of the solid Earth, the atmosphere, and the hydrosphere.In keeping with the modern trend in the field of geochemistry, the book emphasizes computational techniques by developing appropriate mathematical relations, solving a variety of problems to illustrate application of the mathematical relations, and leaving a set of questions at the end of each chapter to be solved by students. However, so as not to interrupt the flow of the text, involved chemical concepts and mathematical derivations are separated in the form of boxes. Supplementary materials are packaged into ten appendixes that include a standard-state (298.15 K, 1 bar) thermodynamic data table and a listing of answers to selected chapter-end questions.Additional resources for this book can be found at: www.wiley.com/go/misra/geochemistry. Zusammenfassung This unique guide covers a broad range of topics on the distribution and abundance of elements and isotopes in geologic systems as a result of chemical and isotopic reactions. Chapters develop relevant geochemical principles in a logical sequence and with an appropriate balance between qualitative reasoning and quantitative rigor. Inhaltsverzeichnis Preface xiii 1 Introduction 1 Part I Crystal Chemistry 7 2 Atomic Structure 9 3 Chemical Bonding 23 Part II Chemical Reactions 49 4 Basic Thermodynamic Concepts 51 5 Thermodynamics of Solutions 79 6 Geothermometry and Geobarometry 107 7 Reactions Involving Aqueous Solutions 134 8 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 167 9 Kinetics of Chemical Reactions 197 Part III Isotope Geochemistry 223 10 Radiogenic Isotopes 225 11 Stable Isotopes 253 Part IV The Earth Supersystem 281 12 The Core-Mantle-Crust System 283 13 The Crust-Hydrosphere-Atmosphere System 326 Appendix 1 Units of measurement and physical constants 372 Appendix 2 Electronic configurations of elements in ground state 374 Appendix 3 First ionization potential, electron affinity, electronegativity (Pauling scale), and coordination numbers of selected elements 377 Appendix 4 Thermodynamic symbols 379 Appendix 5 Standard state (298.15 K, 105 Pa) thermodynamic data for selected elements, ionic species, and compounds 382 Appendix 6 Fugacities of H2O and CO2 in the range 0.5-10.0 kbar and 200-1000°C 396 Appendix 7 Equ...

List of contents

Preface.
 
Acknowledgments.
 
Chapter 1. Introduction.
 
1.1 Units of measurement.
 
1.2 The Geologic Time Scale.
 
1.3 Recapitulation.
 
1.4 Questions.
 
PART I CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY.
 
Chapter 2. Atomic Structure.
 
2.1 Historical development.
 
2.2 The working model.
 
2.3 The ground state electronic configuration of elements.
 
2.4 Chemical behavior of elements.
 
2.5 Summary.
 
2.6 Recapitulation.
 
2.7 Questions.
 
Chapter 3. Chemical Bonding.
 
.3.1 Ionic bonding.
 
3.2 Crystal structures of silicate minerals.
 
3.3 Ionic substitution in crystals.
 
3.4 Crystal-field theory.
 
3.5 Isomorphism, polymorphism, and solid solutions.
 
3.6 Covalent bonding.
 
3.7 Metallic bonds.
 
3.8 Van der Waals bonds.
 
3.9 Hydrogen bond.
 
3.10 Comparison of bond types .
 
3.11 Goldschmidt's classification of elements.
 
3.12 Summary.
 
3.13 Recapitulation.
 
3.14 Questions.
 
PART II CHEMICAL REACTIONS.
 
Chapter 4. Basic Thermodynamic Concepts.
 
4.1 Chemical equilibrium.
 
4.2 Thermodynamic systems.
 
4.3 Laws of thermodynamics.
 
4.4 Auxiliary thermodynamic functions.
 
4.5 Free energy change of a reaction at T and P .
 
4.6 Conditions for thermodynamic equilibrium and spontaneity in a closed system.
 
4.7 Metastability .
 
4.8 Computation of simple P-T phase diagrams.
 
4.9 Thermodynamic data tables.
 
4.10 Summary.
 
4.11 Recapitulation.
 
4.12 Questions.
 
Chapter 5. Thermodynamics of Solutions.
 
5.1 Chemical potential.
 
5.2 Variation of chemical potential ( ) with temperature, pressure, and composition.
 
5.3 Relation between Gibbs free energy change and equilibrium constant for a reaction.
 
5.4 Gases.
 
5.5 Ideal solutions involving condensed phases.
 
5.6 Non-ideal solutions involving condensed phases.
 
5.7 Excess functions.
 
5.8 Ideal crystalline solutions.
 
5.9 Non-ideal crystalline solutions.
 
5.10 Summary.
 
5.11 Recapitulation.
 
5.12 Questions.
 
Chapter 6. Geothermometry and Geobarometry.
 
6.1 Tools for geothermobarometry.
 
6.2 Selection of reactions for thermobarometry.
 
6.3 Dependence of equilibrium constant on temperature and pressure.
 
6.4 Univariant reactions and displaced equilibria.
 
6.5 Exchange reactions.
 
6.6 Solvus equilibria.
 
6.7 Uncertainties in thermobarometric estimates.
 
6.8 Fluid inclusion thermobarometry.
 
6.9 Summary .
 
6.10 Recapitulation.
 
6.11 Questions.
 
Chapter 7. Reactions Involving Aqueous Solutions.
 
7.1 Water's a solvent.
 
7.2 Activity - concentration relationships in aqueous electrolytic solutions.
 
7.3 Dissociation of acids and bases.
 
7.4 Solubility of salts.
 
7.5 Dissociation of H2CO3 acid -- the carbonic acid system.
 
7.6 Acidity and alkalinity of a solution.
 
7.7 pH buffers.
 
7.8 Dissolution and precipitation of calcium carbonate.
 
7.9 Chemical weathering of silicate minerals.
 
7.10 Summary.
 
7.11 Recapitulation.
 
7.12 Questions.
 
Chapter 8. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions.
 
8.1 Definitions.
 
8.2 Voltaic cells.
 
8.3 Relationship between free energy change (DGr) and electrode potential (E) -- the Nernst equation
 
8.4 Ox

About the author

KULA C. MISRA is a Professor of Geology (Emeritus) at the University of Tennessee where he has taught geochemistry, economic geology, and environmental geology for more than 30 years. He received a M.Tech degree in Applied Geology from the Indian Institute of Technology (Kharagpur) and, after working for about ten years as a field geologist, a Ph.D. degree in Geology from the University of Western Ontario (Canada). His research papers have been published in several professional journals, and he is the author of the textbook Understanding Mineral Deposits published in the year 2000. He is a member of several professional organizations and has served as a consultant to corporations and government agencies on subjects related to mineral deposits and environmental geochemistry.

Report

"This is a good book to study if you want to build your understanding of geochemistry on a solid quantitative footing." (Open University Geological Society Journal, 1 May 2013) "Overall, this seems to be a useful book for its intended audience . . . I would recommend the book to those outside of geochemistry to expand their knowledge of the topic before entering the subject matter at a higher level." (Chromatographia, 28 March 2013)
 
"Summing Up: Recommended. Graduate students and above." (Choice, 1 January 2013)
 
"Overall this is an impressively thorough and up-to-date text that is aimed at the 'geological' geochemist and I would certainly recommend it to such an audience." (Geological Magazine, 2012)

Product details

• Authors: Kula C Misra, Kula C. Misra, Kula C. (University of Tennessee) Misra, MISRA KULA C, Misra Kula C.
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Paperback / Softback
• Released: 13.04.2012
• EAN: 9781405121422
• ISBN: 978-1-4051-2142-2
• No. of pages: 464
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Geosciences > Mineralogy, petrography; Geochemie, Geowissenschaften, Earth Sciences, Geochemie, Mineralogie, Geochemistry & Minerology