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Historians spend a lot of time thinking about violence: bloodshed and feats of heroism punctuate practically every narration of the past. Yet historians have been slow to subject 'violence' itself to conceptual analysis. What aspects of the past do we designate violent? To what methodological assumptions do we commit ourselves when we employ this term? How may we approach the category 'violence' in a specifically historical way, and what is it that we explain when we write its history? Astonishingly, such questions are seldom even voiced, much less debated, in the historical literature.
Violence and Risk in Medieval Iceland: This Spattered Isle lays out a cultural history model for understanding violence. Using interdisciplinary tools, it argues that violence is a positively constructed asset, deployed along three principal axes - power, signification, and risk. Analysing violence in instrumental terms, as an attempt to coerce others, focuses on power. Analysing it in symbolic terms, as an attempt to communicate meanings, focuses on signification. Finally, analysing it in cognitive terms, as an attempt to exercise agency despite imperfect control over circumstances, focuses on risk.
Violence and Risk in Medieval Iceland explores a place and time notorious for its rampant violence. Iceland's famous sagas hold treasure troves of circumstantial data, ideally suited for past-tense ethnography, yet demand that the reader come up with subtle and innovative methodologies for recovering histories from their stories. The sagas throw into sharp relief the kinds of analytic insights we obtain through cultural interpretation, offering lessons that apply to other epochs too.
List of contents
- Preface
- Introduction
- 1: What does violence have to do with history?
- 2: Chronicling a blood-spattered isle
- 3: The blood in the feud
- 4: Killing ambition
- 5: Violence, naturally
- Epilogue: Violence as a cultural system
- Appendix: History from a story, a structural approach to saga textuality
About the author
Oren Falk is a cultural historian of medieval Europe, educated in Jerusalem, Israel, and Toronto, Canada. He works primarily with Icelandic sagas; his recurring interests include histories of violence, gender, folklore, and ecology, as well as historical methodology. Falk has written on unexpected absences - things that ought to be there but aren't - such as wives, beards, and heirs apparent, and on equally surprising presences: pregnant warriors, sodomitic cats, and outlawed rituals.
Summary
This book investigates the history of violence in medieval Iceland, testing theoretical tools by applying them to a series of case studies drawn from the Icelandic sagas.
Additional text
This book stands as a major theoretical contribution to the investigation of violence in medieval Iceland. By emphasising the importance of risk in shaping the communicative and constructive potential of violence, Falk opens up innovative ways of interpreting the sagas; in particular, his work enables a far deeper understanding of how agency worked in Iceland than has previously been possible. The book is also enjoyably well written; Falk writes with humour and verve, and though he deals with complex theories, these are communicated in clear and accessible terms. More broadly, Falk's superb account of historiographical approaches to violence gives the work potential for historians seeking to study violence in other past contexts, especially in societies characterised by feudlike violence.
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This is a sophisticated and thought provoking book. Chris Callow, Early Medieval Europe
