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Clément Brasseur was the officer responsible for initiating the colonial occupation of Katanga in the 1890s. Available in English for the first time, these letters reveal the racist and gendered world inhabited by Brasseur and show that the early colonial experience was as violent in Katanga as in other areas.
List of contents
- Introduction: Brasseur's Papers and the African Roots of the Congo Free State
- The Collection
- Editorial Matters
- Historical Background
- The Importance of Brasseur's Correspondence
- Part I: Settling In (September 1893 - April 1895)
- Letter 1
- Letter 2
- Letter 3
- Part II: Journeys To the South-West and To Lake Mweru (May - October 1895)
- Letter 4
- Part III: Life at Lofoi I (October 1895 - May 1896)
- Letter 5
- Letter 6
- Letter 7
- Part IV: Journey to the Upemba Depression (June - November 1896)
- Letter 8
- Letter 9
- Part V: Life at Lofoi II (November 1896 - April 1897)
- Letter 10
- Letter 11
- Letter 12
- Letter 13
- Part IV: Journeys to the Lubule and the Upper Lualaba and Luapula Rivers (April - September 1897)
- Letter 14
- Letter 15
- Part VII: Last Act (September - November 1897)
- Letter 16
- Letter 17
- Maps: Katanga in the 1890s
- Glossary
- Onomasticon
- References
- Appendix 1: 'Station du Lofoï (Katanga)', September 1894
- Appendix 2: The new Lofoi station, 1895
- Index
About the author
Reader in African History, University of Kent; Research Fellow, International Studies Group, University of the Free State. Giacomo Macola is a specialist in central African political history. His latest books are Liberal Nationalism in Central Africa: A Biography of Harry Mwaanga Nkumbula (2010), and The Gun in Central Africa: A History of Technology and Politics (2016). His articles have appeared in several specialist journals, including the Journal of African History, the International Journal of African Historical Studies and History in Africa. He is currently working on a history of warlordism in the Congo Basin for a new book series of which he is co-editor: 'War and Militarism in African History'.
Summary
The Colonial Occupation of Katanga consists of a translated and richly annotated edition of the personal correspondence of Lieutenant (later Captain) Clément Brasseur, the military officer in charge of Lofoi, the first post of the Congo Free State in Katanga. The letters date from September 1893, the month of his arrival in the region, and continue up to 9 November 1897, the day before his career of conquest and subjugation came to a violent end outside the trader Kiwala's fortified camp on the Luapula River. All of the seventeen long letters included in the volume are addressed to Brasseur's elder brother, Désiré, a fellow military officer; most of them take the form of regularly updated journals and travelogues.
Brasseur's dense personal correspondence describes in exceptional detail both his day-to-day activities and administrative determinations and the numerous military operations that he and/or his local allies undertook with a view to impressing upon Katangese communities the need to comply with instructions relating to taxation in kind and labour. The striking candidness and directness of the records presented in this edition challenge top-down understandings of the violent workings of the Congo Free State, cast unprecedented light on early colonial state-building in Katanga and show that the latter process was deeply informed by African strategies and interests. These themes are systematically pursued in the volume's extensive introduction, which advances the idea that the Congo Free State is best understood as a continuation of the nineteenth-century warlord order in Central Africa, rather than the embodiment of a 'modern' colonial project.
